E-ISSN : 2963-4946

Vol. 2 No. March 06, 2024 https://ajosh.org/

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 06, 2024 1285

Public Administration Policy Innovation Towards The

Realization Of Good Public Policy Governance

Stanislaus Kostka Ohoiwutun

, Tehubijuluw Zacharias

Universitas Pattimura Ambon, Indonesia

, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku,

Indonesia

E-mail: ohoiwutunstanislaus@gmail.com

, zacharias@yahoo.com

*Correspondence: ohoiwutunstanislaus@gmail.com

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Policy Innovation, Public

Administration, Good

Pubic Policy Governance.

The use of public policy to balance the interests of the public

and government has not always worked well. The

government's tendency to change or cancel some policies

points to overlapping policies, a lack of innovation among

public officers, and a low motivation to innovate.

Consequently, a novel strategy that might support resolving

societal issues is needed. The research aimed to describe and

analyse policy innovation in the public administration

approach and policy innovation toward effective public

policy governance. The first qualitative approach was the

methodology used. An academic literature review on public

policy science was used to gather ideas pertinent to studying

public policy innovation. Data collection was conducted by

examining many sources and literature, including

government records, printed and electronic media, journals,

and public administration and policy innovation

publications. Policy innovation application is modelled by

using NPS to apply innovative concepts. A method that

allows the public the room to cooperate and be focused on

performance development views the public in a holistic,

compassionate, and humanist manner. 1) Support type; 2)

Innovation management; and 3) Qualities in value

application will lead to sound public policy governance.

Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Introduction

Innovation has become an essential component and necessity for public institutions

in federal and local governments because it makes sense. This is in line with several shifts

and dynamics of cultural expectations. Innovation is expected to be a tactic used to

increase the leverage of organisational performance in producing goods and services.

Public companies use the creation of new products (goods and services), structure,

connections, and culture as one of their strategic approaches to continue to bring about

such change. As a public service entity, public organisations should logically apply

Stanislaus Kostka Ohoiwutun, Tehubijuluw Zacharias

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 06, 2024 1286

service principles based on productive, efficient, and successful indicators rather than

continue to apply concepts only provided to society.

Innovation in central, regional, and public institutions needs more serious attention,

simultaneous implementation, and integration. This is because innovations applied

simultaneously and holistically have a spreading power that impacts all company lines.

Partial innovation will only touch certain areas within the company and will not have

much impact on the vision and goals of the organisation.

Law 23 of 2014 mandates establishing innovation laws and regulations in

Indonesia. Local governments can innovate to improve the efficiency of their governance

because regional innovation is considered necessary. In running Local Government,

innovation includes all types of revitalisation. Communities, local governments, state

civil servants, DPRD members, and regional leaders are potential sources for innovation

efforts.

(Nur et al., 2022) Despite Indonesia's rapid development, innovation is still

incomplete, fragmented, and stagnant. In general, there is not always a direct causal

relationship between discoveries. Not knowing what will happen is not part of the

company's strategy. Their discoveries were made gradually, one after another, because

they did not want to have a significant and collective impact. Therefore, progress in new

ideas stalls. There are strategic objectives in the current five-year growth plan, but they

have not answered the need for innovation (Setiawan, 2016). Therefore, collaboration and

elaboration are necessary for innovation in enabling public institutions.

The ability to innovate, particularly in the policy area, is essential in harnessing the

potential of national and local resources at the government level (Zaelani, 2019). This

capacity is supported by the creative thinking of bureaucrats working at various levels.

Government policies that encourage innovation are also critical (Khoiron, 2016). This is

because the government has a vital role in establishing or amending laws, trade and

investment policies, fiscal and monetary policies, and other incentives and disincentives,

in addition to providing funding, educational and research facilities, and laboratories for

innovation. The government should support the aforementioned innovative efforts, even

if they may be challenging. As mentioned earlier, innovation must have a measurable

impact. Increasing competitiveness, impact, and benefit to the public interest are the goals

of policy innovation in this environment. Thus, the synergy pattern of central and local

government policies in concept formation, implementation, and assessment is an

inseparable whole. One practical way to create synergy is by rearranging rules considered

obstacles (Sayekti & Putarta, 2016).

A policy cannot be considered innovative without encouraging competitive impact

and providing benefits to the public interest. Bureaucratic intelligence in generating the

power of change and new ideas is essential for encouraging the expansion of policy

innovation. These policies differ in several fundamental ways. First, policies tend to

eliminate outdated or conflicting policies. Second, the degree of originality between

policy and innovation is different. Most of this strategy's innovative features will

disappear once implemented (Nur et al., 2022).

Public Administration Policy Innovation Towards The Realization of Good Public

Policy Governance

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 06, 2024 1287

The Perda/Perkada was revoked due to negligence in policy formulation and not

following the correct formulation procedure. In addition, regarding regional policy

development, the federal government's role as an intervention to assess and control is still

lacking compared to state and local governments. Manual policies that only aim to avoid

government commitments cause public disappointment and anxiety, especially regarding

the interests of people's livelihoods and why public policy innovation is needed.

The role of local public officials in implementing public policy innovations is

expected to increase along with the implementation of regional autonomy, giving local

governments the authority to formulate policies (Subianto, 2020). This is expected to

positively impact the quality of policies or regulations to be prepared. Therefore, one of

the primary measures of the effectiveness of local government is the quality of local

regulations. Civil servants in local and central government agencies are experiencing

difficulties due to their limited capacity and motivation to innovate (OUTANG, 2022).

However, as different policy-making institutions continue to produce overlapping

policies, public policy has not worked well to bring society and government together. An

example of the failure of public service policies in Indonesia is when the policy is

disconnected from the output of the activities of ministries and non-ministerial

institutions. For example, several reservoirs built by the government cannot function due

to the absence of irrigation canals, and ports cannot function properly because there is no

road connecting them with industrial estates (Dwiyanto, 2021).

It is necessary to reorient the policies of each service or institution to be more

targeted in terms of procedures, techniques, and outputs of each public policy produced

to prevent policy termination. Public policies fail to address several problems, including

overlapping poverty, health, and unemployment policies, development gaps due to

improper policy analysis, corrupt behaviour of public officials due to weak regulations,

and low levels of public education. It is, moreover, addressing social issues.

Substantial public policy innovation is needed to strengthen the community

problem-solving process. Innovation in public policy does not always follow seasonal

patterns or trends but provides alternative options here, now, and in the future. Most

government-sponsored innovation initiatives and policies aim to fix market problems.

Therefore, innovation in public policy and the public sector is focused on correcting

market failures in all their forms.

The magnitude of the public sector's influence on a country is apparent when we

look at GDP in percentage terms. However, private-sector innovation relies on public-

sector innovation and vice versa. Public sector innovation can increase the value of

products through organisational improvements and affect overall productivity growth.

Policies must be in line with economic developments in the global era.

According to research (Kartika & Oktariyanda, 2022), introducing a new approach

has improved public administration performance, governance, and the ability to

effectively deal with problems the public faces. Society and government must first decide

to address it in order to be effective. To do this, they must also determine the most

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efficient methods and approaches and establish systems to cultivate the values and

capabilities necessary to make them happen.

The purpose of the public administration innovation process, according to (Batalli,

2015), is to modernise administrative capacity and form a more effective and responsible

government. In addition, innovation drives economic growth and improves public policy

and administration (Batalli, 2016). As a result, the functions of the state passed from

"ruler" to "servant". There are three paradigms in the field of public administration: Old

Public Administration, New Public Administration, New Public Management, and New

Public Service.

Research Methods

A qualitative approach is applied to this process. To find ideas relevant to the study

of public policy innovation, the researchers conducted a literature review in the field of

public policy science. Information collection methods include reading various papers on

public administration, policy innovation, and related fields, including official records,

news articles from traditional and online media, and academic publications. Data

requirements determine the processing and narrative description of secondary data. The

next step is to analyse the data using public policy theories, concepts, and innovations.

After that, the data will be interpreted.

Results and Discussions

Policy Innovation in Public Administration Perspective

Policy innovation is represented by a public administration paradigm based on the

principle of New Public Services (NPS). The following are the principles of NPS:

a. Placing a strong emphasis on building trusting relationships and cooperation with other

citizens and consumers.

b. The common interest creates common interests and obligations.

c. The importance of public service and the willingness of the community to contribute

d. Act democratically and strategically;

e. Accountability is not easy; and

f. Guide by assisting individuals in identifying and achieving common goals.

g. Treat others with respect and do not just concentrate on results.

Innovation in policymaking through generating new knowledge in the form of

creative services for the public interest is required in public administration. This is where

the capacity of innovators to utilise technical-based talent and administrative capabilities

is highlighted. Planning, organising, mobilising, and monitoring are critical components

of policy innovation. However, the capacity of innovators to incorporate science and

technology into their work is also a key component, according to public administration

experts.

Policy Innovation Criteria in Public Administration Perspective

1. Policy innovation by process

The performance of various stakeholders is improved by implementing process-

based innovations that are carried out efficiently and effectively. There has been a shift

in the work process of public organisations from slow, convoluted, and complicated to

fast, accurate, and productive. Process innovation's ultimate goal is service delivery that

meets or exceeds customer expectations.

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Policy Governance

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Researchers at the Institute of State Administration (2016) have identified two

different forms of innovation in the work process. As the first category, we have "internal

innovation", which focuses on processes within the organisation, not outside the

organisation. Second, innovations from the outside world are applied by departments that

deal with clients and other outside parties to provide public services or carry out routine

business operations.

2. Innovation by Method

New policy models and strategies lay the groundwork for new approaches.

Switching from the old procedure to the new procedure aims to get more ideal results.

The decision-making criteria, depending on the approach, are carried out as follows,

according to the study (Yusra, 2019)

Organisational policies that establish new procedures in organisational work

processes are the basis of this innovation. This innovative approach can be used across

several disciplines, including decision-making, product manufacturing, service delivery,

and more.

This innovation is applied when the company determines the previous approach is

no longer profitable and efficient.

Because this discovery is macro and can be applied to various fields, it must be

distinguished from other innovations using a holistic and paradigmatic inventive

approach. Operations and organisational sectors are all subject to the new methodology.

Policy Innovation by Product

Product-based innovation is applied through various organisational goods modified

to increase competitiveness. A study (Yusra, 2019) states that the following factors are

used to determine product innovation:

Customers take advantage of or enjoy these discoveries firsthand

The company uses its internal processes to actively, directly, and fully participate

in producing outputs that customers enjoy.

A product is considered successful if it is new and has never been made before or

if it is produced with higher quality and continues to improve over time, thus increasing

consumer satisfaction. In ways previously unthinkable, this novelty meets consumer

expectations and needs.

Policy Innovation Based on Concepts

To overcome these problems, public organisations must always experiment with

new concepts, ideas, and paradigms as part of their organisational innovation. LAN

research identifies several requirements for product innovation, including:

1. A shift in the perspective of a problem gives rise to these innovations, which are then

implemented in policy.

2. This achievement can be evaluated by comparing it with previous policies based on an

old-fashioned point of view. Conceptual innovation may be considered adequate if the

new policy delivers better results or performance.

3. To carry out this shift in viewpoint, we often look at problems from a more optimistic

point of view or update paradigms.

Policy Innovation Based on Science and Technology (Science and Technology)

Applying science and technology innovation includes updating various problems

organisations face, such as organisational systems, equipment, and apparatus skills. This

is the demand of the organisation in the face of changes and the development of an

increasingly dynamic society.

Policy Innovation Based on Organizational Structure

Stanislaus Kostka Ohoiwutun, Tehubijuluw Zacharias

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 06, 2024 1290

Innovations in organisational structure enable companies to adapt to changes and

internal needs. To enable organisations to provide better equipment performance, an

organisational structure that considers the nature and growth of society must be built.

Policy Innovation Based on Relationships

Interaction with outsiders is inevitable in every business, especially in the public

sector. The development and structuring of relationship mechanisms with external

partners must be inventive, mutually beneficial, and mutually supportive if organisations

achieve their goals more efficiently and use their resources better. Thus, stakeholders can

develop effective organisational governance and drive innovation through mutually

beneficial and efficient relationships.

Human Resource Development Policy Innovation

Since people are an organisation's most valuable asset, human capital innovation is,

in theory, an essential component. If human resource innovation does not succeed, then

no other innovation can function as planned. Companies need to have internal

organisational policies that prioritise innovation in human resources. Human resource

development is done creatively, including training, competence, career promotion, and

employee empowerment.

Policy Innovation Towards the Realization of Good Policy Governance

The power of policy innovation is studied to encourage strong public policy

governance using the four qualities of policy innovation defined by Freddy (Navarro,

2016). These characteristics are as follows:

Types of support

Good Public Policy Governance can be achieved by implementing innovative

policies through cooperation between non-state actors and government officials at all

levels. The goal is to foster creativity and realise improvements in organisational

procedures. In this case, a policy innovation orientation centred on solving problems is

obtained by analysing the identification of policy challenges with the help of several

stakeholders.

Innovation Management

In this context, innovation management takes the form of administrative and

organisational arrangements that arise from cooperation involving internal and external

resources. A policy, including institutional management and organisational innovation,

must undergo a process of restructuring creative policy-making methods.

Types and Characteristics of Relationships

Mutualistic and symbiotic interaction between all stakeholders is necessary for

policy innovation. The desired results will be achieved using this relationship-based

strategy—the capacity to facilitate transparent cooperation and best use available

resources to achieve good public policy governance.

Characteristics in the application of values

Applying principles that are good for the public interest is how policy innovation

achieves its success. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to foster partnerships between

public and commercial entities to improve human resources in policy design.

Conclusion

Contribution to creating fresh and practical knowledge in the public interest is

necessary for innovative public policy governance. As stakeholders of creative policy

products, people expect policy outputs that focus on solving public problems and can

produce measurable impact factors. A policy encouraging competitive impact and serving

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the public interest is a simple policy innovation. One example of implementing policy

innovation is using NPS to implement innovative principles. By creating an environment

that encourages public participation and focuses on improving the effectiveness of every

aspect of the organisation, the public is seen as a humane and compassionate entity.

Regarding policy innovation, NPS takes a comprehensive, all-encompassing approach

that seeks to uphold the public interest.

The strategies to be used to achieve good public policy governance are as follows:

1) Forms of support through the implementation of policy innovations carried out through

cooperation between government officials at all levels and levels with non-state actors;

2) Innovation Management through organisational and administrative structuring as a

result of collaboration involving external and internal resources; 3) Types and

characteristics of relationships through the characteristics of mutualistic symbiotic

relationships between all stakeholders; 4) The characteristics of the application of values

measured through the application of values that are beneficial to the public interest. One

way to do this is by encouraging collaboration between the public sector, the business

world, and the government to improve human resources in policy design.

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