E-ISSN : 2963-4946

Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 https://ajosh.org/

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1419

Study of Policy Innovation Strategy to Accelerate

Achievement of Indonesian Soybean Self-sufficiency in 2035

Artinus Hulu

, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu

Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia

E-mail: artinushulu1708@gmail.com

*, amy_soeroso@yahoo.com

*Correspondence: artinushulu1708@gmail.com

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Policy Innovation;

Soybean Production;

Self-sufficiency Strateg

The high consumption and demand for soybeans without an

increase in production have forced the Indonesian

government to import soybeans. Import policy must be given

special attention to suppress price increases and make the

rate of MSMEs continue to grow well. Method research uses

a qualitative method with a literature review from many

literature and data sources, then used to make a policy-

making model based on incremental theory. The results

indicate that self-sufficiency in soybeans may be realised if

long-term arrangements are made for several things, namely

expanding the area, subsidising soybean prices, import

regulations and setting fair soybean import tariffs,

developing the soybean jabalsim subsystem with innovation,

controlling the rate of population, and the improvisation with

technology innovation. Policy recommendation steps can be

carried out by determining import tariffs using an open and

closed system following domestic production conditions,

forming small analysis teams that observe, accompany and

engage directly in the sub-division of soybean issues,

synergy and compatibility of legal products in the central

government related to import excise tariffs according to

WTO standards and rigid subsidy prices below import

prices.

Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Introduction

Soybeans are the world's leading source of vegetable protein and vegetable oil and

are popular among the people of Indonesia. Soybeans have a significant role in the

provision of nutritious food, so it is referred to as "Gold from the soil" and as "The World's

Miracle" because of their high amino acids as a source of vegetable protein (Rachmanti

et al., 2016). Soybeans are a strategic commodity in Indonesia's economy, but lately, they

have been experiencing problems because their availability is insufficient for the

community's needs (Aimon & Satrianto, 2014).

In 2021, the projection of domestically produced soybeans reached 613.3 thousand

tons, down 3.01 per cent from 2020, which reached 632.3 thousand tons (Ministry of

Artinus Hulu, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1420

Agriculture, 2021). It is expected to fall by 3.05 per cent to 594.6 thousand tons in 2022.

A year later, soybean production will decrease by 3.09 per cent to 576.3 thousand tons.

Meanwhile, soybeans from Indonesia fell 3.12 per cent to 558.3 thousand tons in 2024

(Lindblom, 1979). Indonesia is the largest tempeh producer in the world, and it is the

largest soybean market in Asia.

The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that the average per capita consumption

of tofu and tempeh in Indonesia was 0.304 kilograms (kg) every week in 2021 (Figure 1).

This figure increased by 3.75 per cent compared to the previous year, which amounted to

0.293 kg weekly. The average per capita tofu consumption is 0.158 kg per week in 2021.

This number increased by 3.27 per cent compared to 2020, which was 0.153 kg per week.

Meanwhile, the average per capita consumption of tempeh is 0.146 kg per week. The

amount increased by 4.29 per cent compared to the previous year, which was 0.146 kg.

In terms of production and consumption, inequality is a problem because Indonesia, the

fourth largest population in the world, must depend on soybean food imports because

domestic production cannot meet the demand for tempeh and tofu producers (Indonesia

Data, 2022).

Figure 1

average tofu and tempeh consumption per capita in Indonesia

In 2021, the United States will still be the largest soybean importer in Indonesia,

with a value of US$ 1.28 billion. This value equals 86.78 per cent of total soybean imports

to Indonesia that year. The second importer is Canada, with soybean imports of US $

135.89 million (9.16 per cent), and the third is Argentina, with imports worth US $ 52.08

million (3.51 per cent).

Figure 2

Source: Diskominfo Kaltim, (2021)

The value of soybean imports to Indonesia has fluctuated over the past five years.

From 2018 to 2020, there was a decrease in the value of imports, but the number increased

again in 2021. Meanwhile, soybean imports to Indonesia reached 2.48 million tons in

Study of Policy Innovation Strategy to Accelerate Achievement of Indonesian Soybean

Self-sufficiency in 2035

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1421

2021 (Figure 2). This number increased to 0.58 per cent compared to the previous year,

which was 2.47 million tons (Hulu, 2023).

The next problem concerns the determination of soybeans as a mandatory priority

commodity. World soybean importing countries such as the United States initially

prioritised soybean commodities. The role of soybean grower and exporter associations,

government subsidies, and multinational corporations is critical to America's strategic

soybean trade policy. The Chinese state also makes soybeans a strategic commodity, so

it involves the government and state-owned enterprises as essential keys to the strategic

development of soybeans (Hulu, 2023). This differs from Indonesia's policy, which makes

soybeans only a strategic commodity and not a mandatory priority for domestic

production. Even though society and industry use a lot of raw soybean materials, This

condition causes demand for soybeans to continue to increase every year, thus forcing the

situation to carry out imports (Firdaus et al., 2018). Based on these challenges, it is

necessary to formulate policy recommendations and strategy steps to accelerate the

fulfilment of domestic soybean supply to realise soybean self-sufficiency in 2035.

There is still a chance to achieve self-sufficiency, but it requires formulating a

unique program to make it happen. Many studies and studies conducted to achieve self-

sufficiency targets, such as (Rachmat, 2014), revealed that soybean self-sufficiency could

be achieved through area expansion and productivity improvement, supported by macro

and micro policies. If productivity does not increase, an additional area of 1.336 million

ha must be attempted, or if expansion of the area is not achieved, productivity must be

increased to 4.88 tons/ha. Making a national agreement on land area expansion and

establishing synergistic partnerships with all stakeholders is essential. This statement is

supported by (Rachmat, 2014) institutional strengthening and financing support. There is

a need for technology transfer, especially in the soybean R&D consortium. Policy support

can spur farmers and the private sector to develop soybeans. However, this policy has not

been implemented, so it must be monitored.

Research by (Fathorrazi and Adam Ridjal, 2015) revealed that the soybean self-

sufficiency strategy can be carried out by simultaneously empowering all parameters of

production technology components—the importance of commitment from relevant

stakeholders. Self-sufficiency can be achieved by reducing post-harvest yields by 2 per

cent, increasing the population by 1.5 per cent/year, and increasing soybean consumption

by 1.0 per cent/year. The study conducted by (Sayaka et al., 2021) explained the

importance of marketing aspects, the implementation of effective base prices (COGS)

and regulating the period of soybean imports, import quotas, or import tariffs according

to WTO rules.

Research Methods

The preparation of this journal uses qualitative methods with an incremental theory

policy-making model. Qualitative methods with literature review are carried out to obtain

information relevant to the problem to be studied. This information is about theories and

concepts as well as findings related to the central theme of the research conducted.

Artinus Hulu, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1422

Various information can be extracted from primary sources derived from original essays

written by people who experienced, observed, or worked independently, as well as

secondary or tertiary sources.

In conducting a literature review, researchers try as far as possible to use primary

literature sources whose information is more authentic (Ibnu et al., 2003). The concept of

Incremental is a policy that has changed slightly from before. This policy is a continuation

of government activities in the past, which were added or modified little by little.

Results and Discussions

Indonesia's Soybean Policy

In the period before 1973, the soybean policy sought to meet domestic supply

sourced from domestic soybean production (soybean self-sufficiency). From 1974 to

1997, the soybean policy was dominated by more than 50 per cent domestically; the rest

came from imports, with the highest domestic production in 1992 of 1.8 million tons. This

achievement is supported by several policies, including basic price policy (HPP),

government intervention in monopolies (Bulog), intensification and extensification

programs, and the imposition of high import duty (BM) rates (10 per cent). From 1998 to

2004, the role of Bulog and HPP was abolished, and the policy of reducing import duty

rates from 0 per cent to 5 per cent resulted in the shift in the fulfilment of locally produced

soybeans to imports (more than 50 per cent came from imports). In 2005, the government

established a tariff harmonisation program based on a unique pattern, with the soybean

import duty level set at 10 per cent and periodic tariffs ranging from 0 to 5 per cent. The

period from 2011 to 2022 saw the removal of tariffs on soybean imports. Based on the

analysis of the study of the Fiscal Policy Agency (2014), the percentage difference

between international and consumer prices during the import duty exemption period

averaged 104.3 per cent. Meanwhile, during the imposition of a 10 per cent import duty

rate, the average gap only reached 79.8 per cent. Through this, import tariffs are not

recommended because they are less effective in encouraging domestic soybean

productivity and controlling fluctuations in domestic soybean prices. To encourage food

security and self-sufficiency, especially soybeans, more effective tariff and non-tariff

policies such as soybean trade regulation, intensification programs, and extensification of

soybean crops need to be supported by policies to increase import tariffs.

Incremental Policy

The concept of incrementalism is a government policy-making process that has not

changed for many years; there is a tendency to maintain previous policies because they

are considered easier to do and only make policies to solve problems on the surface. This

pattern of incrementalism continues to occur due to interactions between actors or

stakeholders where priorities are taken. So far, the Ministry of Trade depends on the

tempeh tofu industry for importers, while the Ministry of Agriculture prioritises local

soybean farmers. This is one of the reasons self-sufficiency is not achieved, and it is due

to the lack of synergy among policymakers. At the same time, the role of soybean industry

associations is not vital enough for the decision-making process (Maulana et al., 2018).

Charles E. Lindblom, in his book "The Science of Muddling Through" (Lindblom,

1979), explains the decision-making process with the model "disjointed incrementalism"

or incremental model. Incremental is a policy that has changed little from before. This

policy is a continuation of government activities in the past, which were added or

modified little by little. This model is best suited for pluralistic societies such as the

United States. According to Yehezkel Dror (1968), incremental decision-making models

Study of Policy Innovation Strategy to Accelerate Achievement of Indonesian Soybean

Self-sufficiency in 2035

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1423

tend to produce inaction and maintain the status quo so that change cannot be seen quickly

and is less significant. Although each policy has weaknesses, it is hoped that following

up on the flagship policy of the previous period can improve the implementation of

soybean self-sufficiency in Indonesia. Policies must be continuously modified according

to the development of global crisis challenges, geopolitical influences, and climate

change.

The U.S. government has had federal policies for local and regional foods since

2008, such as programs administered by the USDA in large categories such as marketing

and promotion, agricultural business and research assistance, village and community

development, nutrition and education, and agricultural land conservation. The federal

government has supported increasing program grant funding, and this interest has only

increased to date. This policy is also supported by United States legal regulations such as

the Farm Bill program in the Farm Act of 2014, PL 113-79 on the latest omnibus farming.

Other examples include Russell's National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act,

which provide additional program funding in some cases to provide nutrition for children

to grow up healthy and strong. The American government still uses pre-existing policies,

but it continues to be strengthened. This policy also makes it easier for farmers because

the government guarantees marketing and promotion programs for crops, business and

research assistance, and rural community development programs with grants; all systems

are transparent and integrated.

Brazil is the largest soybean importer in the world, 134 million metric tons ahead

of the United States. In the 1960s, Brazil was still importing soybean oil, and then it began

a revolution to become the largest soybean-producing country in the world. In the mid-

1980s to mid-1990s, Brazil experienced dramatic variations in annual inflation rates,

ballooning foreign debt, and sluggish or negative economic growth. The annual inflation

rate soared upwards, exceeding 100 per cent in 1980 and 200 per cent in 1983, but policy

modernisation and evolution have always been carried out from pre-existing policies.

Policies are further strengthened; the government supports the movement of the

agricultural economy, in this case, soybean exports, and provides agricultural loan grants,

land expansion carried out since the 1980s and research cost assistance for agriculture.

Establishing energy pricing policies and consistent import costing also strengthens this

support. The key to this success is also balanced by infrastructure development. Those

policies have existed before but continue to be realised for improvement (Gebhardt et al.,

2006).

Figure 3

Source: Statistical Center Body, (2022).

The Canadian government also has an integrated policy from the previous policy;

even after the pandemic, there are many updates, such as providing food banks to utilise

leftover food for food security and suppressing expired food. Policies that already exist

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Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1424

and continue to be developed are Farm Credit Canada, Agrimarketing, Agriinsurance,

Agrirecovery, Agristability, and many more. Through these case studies, the Government

of Indonesia also needs to establish policies that strongly support the realisation of

solutions to the problem of domestic soybean self-sufficiency. It is necessary to conduct

a detailed analysis of the implementation of previous policies that are considered adequate

in the realisation of soybean self-sufficiency policy.

Production and Consumption Gap

The Ministry projects a soybean harvest area of 362,612 hectares, but the amount

decreased by 5 per cent to 344,612 hectares in 2022. The harvest area will also decrease

by 5.1 per cent in 2023 to 326,861

Hectares, this area will further decrease by 5.2 per cent to 309,849 hectares in 2024.

This widespread decline has a direct impact on soybean production. The projected

soybean production of 594.6 thousand tons in 2022 has decreased by 3.05 per cent from

2021. This production is expected to decline by 3 per cent annually, reaching 558.29

thousand tons in 2024.

The crop area decreased due to competition for land use with other agricultural

commodities of strategic value, such as corn and chilli. The average per capita tofu

consumption is 0.158 kg every week in 2021. This number increased by 3.27 per cent

compared to 2020, when it was only 0.153 kg weekly. The average per capita

consumption of tempeh is 0.146 kg per week. The amount increased by 4.29 per cent

compared to the previous year, which was 0.146 kg. The amount of production and

consumption is evident that inequality occurs.

Constraints on Increasing Production

Low soybean productivity with a high level of agricultural risk makes the

production value and income of soybean farmers relatively low compared to substitute

commodities. Soybeans are susceptible to HPT compared to other rice and crop crops.

Coaching and services for soybean farmers are less widely carried out, so not all farmers

know effective soybean cultivation techniques. The economic value of soybeans is lower

than that of other commodities, causing the motivation of farmers to plant soybeans to be

low.

In addition, without a particular policy that is synergistic and harmonious in all

institutions that favour local soybeans, it is not easy to realise soybean self-sufficiency.

So far, the food development program focuses on other staple crops, such as rice, so

energy, resources, financing, attention allocation, and guidance for other strategic

commodities are limited (Nainggolan & Rachmat, 2014). Other factors that affect

national soybean production are world soybean prices, the number of Indonesian

population, per capita income of the Indonesian population, and soybean import tariffs

(Triandini, 2014).

Soybean Imports to Meet Consumption and Production Inequality

Soybean imports were influenced by soybean demand, the rupiah exchange rate

against the dollar and soybean imports in the previous year. The population and demand

for industrial soybeans in the previous year positively influenced the demand for

industrial soybeans. The price of imported Indonesian soybeans influences soybean prices

at the retailer level; if the price is expensive, it affects domestic soybean prices.

The value of soybean imports to Indonesia has fluctuated in the last five years. The

value of imports decreased from 2018 to 2020, but the number increased in 2021. The

volume of soybean imports to Indonesia reached 2.48 million tons in 2021. This number

Study of Policy Innovation Strategy to Accelerate Achievement of Indonesian Soybean

Self-sufficiency in 2035

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1425

increased by 0.58 per cent compared to the previous year, which was only 2.47 million

tons (Hulu, 2023).

Soybean Import Tariffs and Domestic Soybean Prices

Many factors make local soybean prices, such as farmers' access to markets,

soybean agricultural land area that decreases so that production decreases and results in

soybean scarcity, the quality of local soybean products that are inferior to imported

soybeans (Aldillah et al., 2014). The comparison of corn farming and imports with

domestic soybean farming is not competitive. In addition to its less preferred nature than

imported soybeans, the price of local soybeans is relatively low. Imported soybeans get

very low import tariffs, making retail prices more affordable (Sayaka et al., 2021). Every

increase in local soybean prices of one rupiah per kilogram will increase the volume of

soybean imports by 93.33 tons. Increasing local soybean prices will demand imported

soybeans, considering the relatively cheaper price. When local soybeans experience

increased prices, importers will prefer imported soybeans from international markets with

lower prices (Mahdi & Suharno, 2019).

Weak Soybean Agribusiness Management

The Indonesian Soybean Farmers Association does not have strong enough

bargaining power to formulate government policies. This importer power leads to an

oligopolistic market because only large companies can import large quantities of U.S.

soybeans; in the case of Indonesia, only three companies control and regulate 85 per cent

of national soybean imports.

Government policy has not favoured the agricultural sector and soybean trade

optimally. In addition, Indonesia's agricultural agribusiness model has not developed in

private or state-owned companies. After Bulog was castrated by the IMF in 1998, it seems

the government no longer has the incentive to develop strategic government-owned

agricultural enterprises.

Policy Recommendation Innovation

Soybean self-sufficiency can be realised in the long term through the arrangement

of the following:

1. Area Expansion and Production Increase

The government must expand the production area by inviting universities and the

Provincial Agriculture Office to develop Non-APBN/KUR Soybean locations; then, it is

necessary to facilitate the signing of an MoU between Himbara Banking and off-taker

companies as a step to meet the soybean development target with KUR funds (Swadaya

Online, 2022). The Ministry of Agriculture imports GMO soybean seeds to be developed

in Indonesia with productivity of 2 tons to 2.5 tons per ha. Increasing production can also

be done by using superior soybean varieties that have been produced by the Agricultural

Research and Development Agency, BATAN and universities so that there is no soybean

productivity gap at the farmer level that is not by seed specifications (Nainggolan &

Rachmat, 2014).

Related institutions that need to be strengthened are the human resources of

agricultural extension workers themselves, plant seed supervisors (PBT), plant nuisance

organism controllers (POPT), Farmer Mantri, Plant Protection Brigade, Alsintan Service

Business (UPJA), and so on. The government must seriously support soybean financing,

especially on the map of potential areas to increase soybean production and productivity

through various credit schemes, such as food and energy security credit (KKP-E),

agricultural financing service scheme (SP3), community-rooted Independent Institutions

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Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1426

(LM3), People's Business Credit (KUR), Rural Agribusiness Business Development

(PUMP), Community Food Distribution Institutions (LDPM).

It is essential to form small teams of upstream-downstream agricultural affairs to

apply modern mechanisation, prioritising potential self-sufficiency in soybeans that have

succeeded in developing soybean production and special teams for training human

resources for priority and strategic commodity farmers. Furthermore, there is a need for

a special team to evaluate policy in the short and long term to assess the effectiveness of

policies in overcoming soybean problems in the field. Then, there is also a need for a

unique team of market analysts who monitor the development of soybean prices and their

distribution so that they are not inferior to specific individuals and that the security of

soybean stocks in the market can be accounted for.

2. Marketing Aspect: Fair Soybean Import and Agribusiness Regulations

The marketing aspect consists of two aspects. Namely, the first is about the

application of the effective base price (HPP) through the purchase of Bulog with sufficient

state budget allocation based on a Presidential Regulation (Perpres), not based on a

Minister of Trade Regulation (Permendag). Second, regarding the regulation of soybean

import periods, import quotas, and import tariffs according to WTO rules (Sayaka et al.,

2021).

Research (Sitaresmi, 2015) revealed that soybeans with superior varieties have been

unable to release the import trap. The government needs political will to revitalise the

state's role in the diplomacy of international trade negotiations related to agriculture.

Policy recommendation steps can be taken by setting import tariffs. Based on research by

Perdana et al. (2013), import tariffs affect the percentage of domestic soybean production.

The imposition of import tariffs of 5 per cent will reduce imports by 1.22 per cent,

increase Indonesia's soybean production by 1.37 per cent, raise soybean prices at the

retailer and farmer levels by 0.54 per cent and 0.31 per cent, respectively, and reduce

domestic soybean demand by 0.009 per cent.

Ideally, restore import tariffs to 10-20 per cent because it can increase domestic

soybean production by up to 1.6 million tons for every 10 per cent customs duties; this is

added to the innovation of import tariff policies with an open and closed system between

5-25 per cent by following domestic soybean production conditions. The establishment

of import policies cannot necessarily carry out import restrictions without increasing the

productivity of domestic soybeans. The government needs to form a unique team of

analysts for priority commodities (food and plantations) that are strategic to observe

global system movements such as inflation and GDP that occur in the country of origin

of imports because an increase of 1 per cent of GDP per capita of the country of origin of

imports will reduce the volume of soybean imports in Indonesia by 2.398883 per cent

(Mahdi & Suharno, 2019). Implementing policies that involve all stakeholders and focus

on the development of agriculture and the domestic soybean industry is the key to

stabilising soybean supply and prices in the long term (Hulu, 2023).

In this case, they are synergising and harmonising legal products at the Ministry of

Finance, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Agriculture and the House of Representatives of

the Republic of Indonesia regarding import excise tariffs by the WTO and subsidy

pricing. One of the characteristics of this synergistic policy is that the added value impact

is felt at the subsystem level of farmers as producers and subsystems of small processing

industries as consumers and people consuming processed soybean products.

The government must be committed to re-functioning the role of BULOG as a

national soybean procurement institution that regulates the trade and distribution of

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Self-sufficiency in 2035

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1427

soybeans. However, BULOG's operations must receive strict supervision to avoid

monopolistic practices that only benefit a few people. Unsecured KUR loans can be done

by monitoring and analysing soybean production and productivity potential for

smallholders according to a particular land area, especially in strategic areas of soybean

self-sufficiency.

Furthermore, the formation of a public service innovation team was carried out to

facilitate government access to farmers to facilitate complaints of soybean farmers in the

field, accelerate the KUR realisation process without waiting for a long and complicated

process, manage soybean production mapping and needs in each region with an all-digital

system. BULOG needs to regulate commerce with digital public service innovations

based on the E-Agriculture Government and provide price incentives to farmers/food

industry artisans in case of soybean price fluctuations, such as developed countries

protecting their soybean farmers.

In addition, developing agribusiness models for private agricultural corporations

and the government is essential. Indonesia's agribusiness policy should not be anti-market

to strategically utilise the international market for exporting soybeans and derivative

products (Hulu, 2023). It is also important to cooperate with the private sector to increase

production and arouse the interest of domestic soybean farmers.

3. Development of Soybean Jabalsim Distribution Subsystem

Jabalsim is a vehicle for the spread of superior varieties and a supporting factor for

increasing soybean production. The expansion of planting areas does not develop if it is

not supported by the provision of adequate seeds of high-yielding varieties because there

is often a circulation of fake seeds among farmers. The development of soybean jabalsim

can be done by forming a particular container for the distribution of seeds of superior

varieties with a digital service system accommodated to the centre to minimise fraud of

superior seeds that do not have official certificates.

1. Speed Control of Total Population

Population control needs to be done because adding one soul can increase the

import volume by 21 kg (Rahmania, 2014). Support for population control through family

planning (KB) programs is needed to achieve self-sufficiency in soybeans. In the

simulation program that has been made, it is assumed that the government can control the

population increase rate at a rate of 1.5 per cent per year. This is related to the certainty

of the projection of national soybean needs, primarily determined by the population and

consumption level/capita/year (IK. Tastra et al., 2013).

4. Soybean Technology Innovation Using Appropriate Mechanical Technology and

Smart farming

Using prototypes of agricultural tools and machinery (suntan) engineered by

Balitkabi is expected to overcome agricultural labour's rare and challenging problems and

save soybean farming costs. Using machines can also reduce the post-harvest yield loss

of soybeans to 2 to 4 per cent. It is also necessary to implement the mechanisation of

smart farming agriculture to anticipate various challenges of global crises, climate

change, natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or pandemics that can be a threat to food

security.

Smart farming speeds up the cultivation process; for example, spraying fertilisers

and herbicides with drones can save labour and time effectively and efficiently (IK. Tastra

et al., 2013). Modern harvest mechanisation tools can be distributed to farmers through

groups. Previously, farmers had been accompanied for human resource training and

technology development in practical farming. Inviting millennials or Generation Z to

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Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1428

participate in increasing soybean productivity through the assistance of soybean

mechanisation technology and comparative study scholarships to developed countries for

the introduction of the implementation of soybean cultivation technology

Conclusion

Policy recommendation steps can be carried out by determining import tariffs using

an open and closed system following domestic production conditions, forming small

analysis teams that observe, accompany and engage directly in the sub-division of

soybean issues, synergy and compatibility of legal products in the central government

related to import excise tariffs according to WTO standards and rigid subsidy prices

below import prices. BULOG must regulate commerce with digital public service

innovations based on the E-Agriculture Government. In addition, the government needs

to cooperate with the private sector to increase soybean production as a priority

commodity in the context of more modern agricultural innovation, providing social-

health security protection, harvest insurance, unsecured KUR loans by looking at the

production potential and productivity of smallholder land in strategic areas of soybean

self-sufficiency and assistance in the application of intelligent farming agriculture to

anticipate global challenges.

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Self-sufficiency in 2035

Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, Vol. 2 No. March 6, 2024 1429

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