Asian Journal of Social and Humanities

Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Cost Requirements in The Construction of Rubaru 1 Elementary School

Midi Agus Permana — 2025-05-06

This research addresses the critical issue of insufficient budget allocation for Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) systems in construction projects, specifically in the Rubaru 1 Elementary School building project in Sumenep District, Indonesia. The study explores how limited financial resources for safety measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), worker training, and health facilities, affect the implementation and effectiveness of OHS systems. The urgency of this research lies in the growing need to allocate adequate resources to OHS, as insufficient funding increases the risk of workplace accidents, delays project timelines, and raises costs. Previous studies, including Lestari et al. (2023) and Saragi & Sinaga (2021), have emphasized the positive impact of adequate OHS budgets on reducing accidents and improving productivity. However, a gap exists in research regarding the specific cost components required for effective OHS implementation, especially in relation to construction projects with limited budgets. This study fills this gap by analyzing the key cost components for OHS and their direct impact on worker safety and project performance. The findings will provide valuable insights for construction companies to optimize their OHS budgets and enhance safety measures. It also contributes to the development of industry standards and practices for OHS management in future construction projects.

Luxury Transportation Innovations for Sustainability: Implementing of Research & Development

Ema Rahmawati — 2025-05-06

This research focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) in luxury tourism buses, specifically the Omah Sultan Juragan 99 Trans in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The research and development (R&D) approach, supported by qualitative and quantitative data, aims to evaluate the effectiveness of AI and VR in enhancing the tourist experience. Through in-depth observations, interviews with key informants, and field trials, the study investigates various elements, such as smart technology, VR services, AI as a virtual guide, and the overall user experience. The findings show that the integration of AI and VR enhances the travel experience by providing personalized virtual tours, improving the service quality, and contributing to the sustainability of the luxury bus service. The study results suggest that AI and VR can play a pivotal role in modernizing tourism transportation by offering innovative, immersive, and interactive tourist experiences. The innovation of AI and VR in this context is a groundbreaking contribution to the tourism sector, addressing the emerging demand for personalized, high-tech travel services in luxury transportation. Future research can further explore the scalability of these technologies across different regions and tourism sectors to validate their broader applicability.

Evaluating Microcredit: Effects of the 5Cs of Credit Analysis and Entrepreneur Characteristics on Loan Performance among MSMEs in Yogyakarta

Kartini Sally Hb Joenoes — 2025-05-08

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have a significant role in the national economy, creating jobs opportunities, increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and promoting credit stability during times of crisis. However, MSMEs frequently face obstacles when attempting to access financial resources. Although the Indonesia government has implemented several measures to support MSMEs, such as the credit relaxation policy, the risk of loan non-performance loan remains tangible. This study seeks to identify the dominant factors underpinning MSMEs' failure to repay their loans focusing on 5Cs of credit analysis and characteristics of individual entrepreneurs. This study finds that the principles identified in the 5Cs of credit analysis are significantly and negatively correlated with non-performing loans, while the characteristics of individual entrepreneurs is not significantly correlated. Of the 5Cs of credit analysis, capacity and collateral are identified as the most determinant factors behind non-performing loans, though this finding differs from those of several previous studies. Meanwhile this study provides important insight which will enable the banking industry and policymakers to mitigate the credit risks experienced by MSMEs and promote the future sustainability of this sector.

Use of Machine Learning-Based Health Index With K-Nearest Neighbors Method to Maintain Desalination Plant Performance Gas and Steam Power Plants Applications

Udi Harmoko — 2025-05-08

This study presents the implementation of a Machine Learning-Based Health Index utilizing the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithm for predictive maintenance in desalination plants within gas and steam power plants. The research focuses on optimizing the maintenance schedule of the Block 3 Priok Desalination Plant, which is critical for providing high-quality distilled water for power generation. This study aims to develop and integrate a predictive maintenance framework into PLN’s digitization system, allowing for automated monitoring and optimized servicing schedules. Unlike the previous application of K-NN in Block 4, which utilized five health indices for performance classification, Block 3 requires an expanded model incorporating at least seven input parameters due to its multi-effect desalination process. By refining the predictive model and increasing data parameterization, this study seeks to enhance maintenance accuracy, minimize operational downtime, and improve overall desalination efficiency. By leveraging historical operational data and real-time monitoring, the K-NN model predicts the health index of desalination components with 98% accuracy. Implementing this approach minimizes downtime, optimizes maintenance schedules, and enhances energy efficiency. The results demonstrate that AI-driven predictive maintenance significantly improves reliability, reduces costs, and supports energy sustainability goals.

Negligence in Fulfilling Contractual Obligations

Clarisa Sondang Sibarani — 2025-04-29

This research addresses the increasing issues of breach of contract in Indonesia, particularly focusing on the legal consequences of non-compliance with debt repayment obligations and the execution of guarantees. Breach of contract, or wanprestasi, disrupts business transactions and leads to material and immaterial losses for the affected parties. The urgency of this research lies in the growing number of breach of contract cases in Indonesia, with such disputes posing significant financial and legal risks. While previous studies have explored breach of contract in broader contexts, there is limited research specifically addressing the application of Indonesian civil law in these cases, especially about debt defaults and guarantees. This study fills this gap by analyzing how Indonesian law handles breach of contract cases and the enforcement of guarantees. The research uses a mixed-method approach, combining legal analysis and case studies to examine the consequences of defaults and the protection of creditors' rights. The findings highlight the need for legal reforms to improve the enforcement of contracts and enhance creditor protection. This research contributes to understanding contract law in Indonesia, offering practical recommendations for businesses and policymakers to address breaches more effectively and ensure fairer outcomes in the judicial process.

Increasing the Loyalty of Tourists in Batulayang Bogor Tourism Village, West Java, Indonesia, with Operational Risk Management Mediated by Memorable Tourism Experience

Asep Syaiful Bahri — 2025-05-08

The impact of operational risk management on visitors' memorable experiences, intention to return, and intention to refer Batulayang Tourism Village is investigated in this study. The study tackles the important topic of how poorly managed operational risks, like subpar amenities and safety issues, impact visitor loyalty and pleasure. Effective risk management is crucial for preserving satisfying experiences and encouraging return visits in Indonesia's tourism industry, which is becoming more and more competitive. Research on operational risk management in rural tourism communities like Batulayang is still scarce, leaving a gap in our knowledge of its precise effects on rural destinations. Prior studies have concentrated on more general tourism contexts. This study is innovative because it uses a mixed-method approach to provide deeper insights into how risk management might enhance visitors' experiences and affect their future behavior. It focuses on operational risk management in rural tourism settings. In order to provide useful advice for tourist managers, the study aims to investigate how operational risk management affects visitors' intentions to return and promote the town. In order to support the sustainable growth of rural tourism in Indonesia, it is anticipated that the findings will assist tourism stakeholders in raising service quality, improving visitor happiness, and boosting industry competitiveness.