Asian Journal of Social and Humanities is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and technology fields. The journal is published bimonthly by Pelopor Publikasi Akademika collaboration with Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Business Development Strategy for The Management of Used Cooking Oil As a Raw Material For Biodiesel
This study examines the business development strategy of PT XYZ, a company that manages Used Cooking Oil (UCO) as a raw material for biodiesel located in Jakarta. The research background is the increasing need for biodiesel in line with the mandatory B35 program, the great potential of UCO as an alternative raw material that is more economical and environmentally friendly, as well as the business challenges faced by PT XYZ after the 2022 UCO export restriction policy through the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) mechanism which led to a decrease in export volume of more than 300% and the temporary closure of three branches outside Jakarta. The research uses a qualitative-quantitative approach with the analysis of Business Model Canvas (BMC), VRIO, PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, IFE-EFE matrix, IE matrix, SWOT, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for strategic prioritization. The results of the study show that PT XYZ has the main strengths in the form of an in-house UCO QC laboratory, a good reputation, and a strategic location in Greater Jakarta, but has weaknesses in the absence of ISCC certification and the limitations of digital systems. Based on the IE matrix, PT XYZ is in Quadrant I (growing and developing). The four recommended strategic priorities are: (1) medium-term contracts with buyers, (2) development of UCO collection networks, (3) operational cost efficiency, and (4) market expansion. The proposed new BMC model integrates the digitization of business processes, diversification of market segments, and the gradual development towards self-exporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trisa Oktavianti*, Zenal Asikin, Linda Karlina Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tactical Project-Based Learning (T-PJBL) Model: A Pedagogical Engineering To Enhance Cadet Leadership at The Military Academy
Contemporary military education positions high discipline as an operational foundation that not only ensures order but also serves as a crucial determinant of cadets' holistic academic achievement. This study aims to formulate an adaptive PjBL model, termed Tactical Project-Based Learning (T-PjBL), to enhance Cadet leadership competence. Employing an Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method, this study found that the low influence of standard PjBL on leadership (R Square 10.5%) was caused by external variables such as physiological fatigue and command culture rigidity. Through the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, the T-PjBL model was developed with five main phases: Mission Briefing, Tactical Planning, Command Timeline, Supervised Maneuver, and After-Action Review (AAR). The results indicate that pedagogical engineering through the T-PjBL model can synchronize academic activities with regimented service rhythms and mitigate Cadets' cognitive barriers. The study concludes that learning innovation in military environments requires contextual adaptation that respects doctrine and the learners' physical conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Harijanto*, Lukito Edi Nugroho, Subando Agus Margono, Ambar Teguh Sulistyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Juridical Reconstruction and Integration of Restorative Justice Mechanisms: Transformation of Police Peace Agreements into Legally Binding Court Decisions
The evolution of the contemporary criminal justice system in Indonesia is marked by a fundamental shift from a retributive paradigm centered on retaliation and physical punishment toward a restorative justice paradigm that prioritizes victim recovery and social reintegration. This shift has been operationalized through internal legal instruments such as Police Regulation (Perpol) Number 8 of 2021. However, a critical juridical void exists: peace agreements reached at the police investigation stage currently have only the status of private agreements (onderhands), which are administrative in nature and thus lack inherent executorial power. This research report presents an in-depth analysis of the urgency and mechanism of transforming such peace agreements into an Acte van Dading (Deed of Settlement) recognized by the District Court. By integrating police discretionary authority with the court’s civil adjudicatory authority through the “Lawsuit for Confirmation of Peace Agreement” mechanism based on Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2016, the legal system can guarantee legal certainty (rechtszekerheid), close the loophole for re-prosecution through the ne bis in idem principle, and ensure civil execution without new litigation. Through a comparative law approach examining Civil Law and Common Law jurisdictions, as well as the theoretical framework of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, this article argues that this integration is not merely an administrative procedure but constitutes the foundation for sustainable substantive justice
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahori Ahoen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Leading Hybrid Public Organizations: Institutional Pathways and IndirectLeadership Effects in State University Teaching Hospitals (RSPTN)
This study aims to analyze the role of leadership in influencing organizational performance in State University Teaching Hospitals (RSPTN) as hybrid public organizations facing institutional complexity. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative analysis using PLS-SEM and qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that leadership does not have a direct effect on organizational performance but rather operates through indirect pathways mediated by learning organizations and institutional characteristics. These results indicate that in hybrid organizations, leadership effectiveness is highly dependent on institutional context and the organization’s capacity for learning and adaptation. Qualitative findings further demonstrate that leadership plays a crucial role in navigating institutional complexity, strengthening organizational learning, and distributing authority in a collective manner. This study contributes to the leadership literature by highlighting that the relationship between leadership and performance is indirect and context-dependent. Practically, the findings suggest that strengthening leadership in RSPTN should be accompanied by the development of learning organizations and the alignment of institutional governance to enhance sustainable organizational performance.
Copyright (c) 2022 Katarina Sri Nenggih Wahyuni, Agus Heruanto Hadna, Muhadjir Darwin, Yodi Mahendradhata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovation in Digital Public Services Through the Sipanduk Application in the Luragung District of Kuningan Regency
SIPANDUK (Population Administration Service Information System) is a public service innovation in the form of an application that is expected to assist the community in Luragung District, Kuningan Regency, in managing population administration online. However, in its implementation, the use of the SIPANDUK application is still not optimal, as indicated by low public interest. This study aims to analyze digital-based public service innovations, the factors causing low public interest in using the SIPANDUK application, and recommendations to increase public participation in using the SIPANDUK application. The analysis of public service innovation is based on the Diffusion of Inno-vation theory by Everett M. Rogers (1962). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, semi-structured interviews, literature study, and doc-umentation. The results of the study show that digital-based service innovations have not been run-ning optimally. The low level of public interest in Luragung Subdistrict in using the SIPANDUK ap-plication is due to the perception of the complexity of the application, low user needs, preference for face-to-face services, and a lack of digital literacy and socialization. As a result, the SIPANDUK ap-plication has not been fully accepted by the community in Luragung Subdistrict. Therefore, direct socialization, technical assistance, simplification of the application, and optimization of the role of village officials are needed to encourage sustainable use of the application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Indriyani, Nursahidin Nursahidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of the Village Government in Women's Empowerment Through Women Farmers' Groups (KWT)
Women Farmers' Groups (KWT) is an effort to encourage sustainable and equitable village development. This research examines the role of the Village Government in empowering women through KWT in Pajambon Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency, West Java. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the Village Government in supporting the implementation of women’s empowerment activities through KWT. A qualitative descriptive research method was used, with data collected through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The validity of the data was ensured through triangulation of sources and methods by comparing information obtained from interviews and field observations and by combining the results obtained. The aim was to obtain a more accurate picture and strengthen the data collected in the study. The results of this study indicate that the Village Government has successfully played a role as a facilitator and companion in empowering women through KWT. This study also recommends the need for training in marketing so that the products produced by KWT can become better known to the wider community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Khumayah, Yulia Puji Lestarii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Personal Selling by Perisai Agents on Contribution Payment Behavior of Informal Workers: The Mediating Roles of Product Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Trust
Extending social security coverage to informal workers remains a significant challenge. This study examines the impact of personal selling by social security agents (Agen Perisai) on the contribution payment behavior of informal workers in Indonesia. It further investigates the mediating roles of perceived risk, product knowledge, and trust within the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework. A quantitative explanatory design was employed. Data were collected from 150 informal workers registered at the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Ceger Branch in Jakarta. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The results indicate that personal selling significantly enhances perceived risk, product knowledge, and trust. However, it does not directly influence contribution payment behavior. Product knowledge fully mediates this relationship, while perceived risk and trust do not exhibit significant mediating effects. Social security agencies should shift their communication strategies from participant acquisition toward strengthening product literacy. Agents should emphasize clear and practical explanations of benefits to improve sustained compliance. This study extends the S-O-R framework in the context of public social insurance by demonstrating that cognitive factors, particularly product knowledge, play a more decisive role than affective factors in driving financial compliance among low-income informal workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Shoheh, Ujang Sumarwan, Megawati Simanjutak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accelerating The Readiness of The H2 Plant Unit and Maintaining the Quantity of HCU Valuable Product During Repairs to The Radiant Tube Reformer Leak Using a New Radiant Tube Reformer Plugging Method at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Refinery Unit II Dumai
This paper presents an operational reliability case study from the hydrogen plant that supports the hydrocracking complex at PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Unit II Dumai. A crack was identified in radiant tube Row A No. 10 in reformer 702-H-1, creating an urgent risk of hydrogen release, tube rupture, fire escalation, and prolonged production loss. The conventional corrective action, namely full retubing with a new tube and ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) restoration, required approximately 138 hours and depended on spare tube availability. To reduce downtime and avoid a multiplier effect on the hydrocracker value chain, the team developed a new plugging method that isolated the failed radiant tube by installing welded plugs at both the outlet and inlet sides instead of replacing the entire tube. An engineering design package was prepared using 3D modeling, stress analysis, material selection for SS 310 and HK40 components, and load verification at the design pressure of 20.5 kg/cm². The implemented method restored operation faster than the historical retubing route, achieving a repair duration of approximately 40 hours versus 138 hours for the previous method. Operational impacts reported by the plant included normal H? plant operation above 30k Nm³/h, preserved jet fuel quality, medium-risk work exposure instead of high-risk exposure, avoided costs of approximately IDR 244.8 million, and protection of HCU profit equivalent to around IDR 10 billion. The case demonstrates that a fit-for-purpose plugging strategy can be an effective emergency repair option for radiant tube failures when supported by engineering verification, fabrication control, and formal standardization
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Harapan Situmorang, Akbar Putra Jhonem, Rudi Hermawan, Edward Cantona Taufan, Zulfajri Zulfajri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Participation on Corporate Risk Profile Changes: A Comparative Analysis Based on ISO 31000
The BPJS Employment Program is a labor social security system in Indonesia that is mandatory for companies and aims to provide protection against various employment risks. In addition to protecting workers, participation in this program also has the potential to affect a company’s risk profile. However, empirical studies that systematically analyze changes in corporate risk profiles before and after BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership remain limited. Therefore, this study analyzes changes in corporate risk levels and examines their implications for risk management based on the ISO 31000:2018 framework. This study employs a descriptive-comparative quantitative approach using a before-and-after method. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 39 companies participating in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Risk assessments cover four categories: legal, financial, operational, and reputational risks. Each is evaluated using likelihood and impact on a Likert scale of 1–5. Data analysis uses the geometric mean to derive representative values, followed by risk scoring and mapping onto a 5 × 5 risk matrix. The results indicate that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership alters corporate risk profiles. Legal and operational risks tend to decrease due to improved regulatory compliance and worker protection. Conversely, some financial and reputational risks increase, driven by contribution obligations and heightened stakeholder expectations. These findings suggest that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan acts as a risk transfer mechanism without fully eliminating risks, leaving residual risks that require ongoing control and monitoring. The study highlights that labor social security programs influence not only worker protection but also corporate risk dynamics from an organizational risk management perspective.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Rizki, Tanti Novianti, Linda Karlina Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reformulation of the Prosecutor’s Office’s Regulatory Role in the Legislative Process for Sustainable Economic Development
The phenomenon of sustainable economic development in Indonesia reveals the increasing complexity of national strategic policies and projects, which necessitate preventive and sustainable legal safeguarding. Normatively, the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office is positioned not only as a repressive law enforcement body but also as an institution with preventive and protective functions through its law enforcement intelligence authority, as stipulated in Article 30B of Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia (the Amendment to the Prosecutor's Law). However, its implementation reveals that the Prosecutor's Office's role in the legislative process and development policy planning has not been optimally actualized. Juridically, this is due to the ambiguous norm (vague norm) in Article 34 of the Amended Prosecutor's Law, which uses the permissive phrase "may" in providing legal considerations to the President and other government agencies. This phrasing fails to establish a legal obligation for the Prosecutor's Office's involvement in the development legislation process. Sociologically, the absence of a clear regulatory model and mechanism regarding the Prosecutor's Office's security function during the early stages of policy formulation leads to weak preventive legal supervision. Consequently, this creates fertile ground for conflicts of interest, legal uncertainty, and potential abuse of authority in sustainable economic development. This research employs a normative legal research method, focusing on the ambiguity of norms, particularly the phrase "may" in Article 34 of the Amended Prosecutor's Law. This ambiguity underscores the urgent need for a regulatory framework that explicitly mandates the active role of the Prosecutor's Office in the legislative process at every level, given its unique authority in law enforcement intelligence and its mandate to provide legal considerations to the President and other government agencies.
Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Willy Pramana, Gde Made Swardhana, Desak Putu Dewi Kasih, Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integration of the Information Adoption Model and Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting the Intention to Register for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Non-Wage Earner Segment (BPU)
This study integrates the Information Adoption Model (IAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict the intention to register for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Non-Wage Earner (BPU) segment. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 250 respondents working in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors who were not yet registered with BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sampit Branch but followed BPJS Ketenagakerjaan social media. Data analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3 software. The analysis results indicate that information quantity and information credibility significantly influence information usefulness, while information quality does not have a significant effect. Information usefulness significantly influences information adoption, which in turn affects purchase intention. The TPB variables—attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—all significantly influence purchase intention. Furthermore, information adoption mediates the relationship between information usefulness and purchase intention. These findings suggest that improving the quantity and credibility of information, along with strengthening positive attitudes, social support, and perceived ease of registration, can enhance information adoption and registration intention for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan among the BPU segment. The study contributes to the theoretical integration of IAM and TPB in the context of social security services for informal workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Maharani, Ujang Sumarwan, Sufrin Sufrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Aqua's Crisis Communication in the “Drilled Wells” Issue: Framing, Expectation Gap, and Reputation Recovery Strategy from an Scct Perspective
PT Tirta Investama’s (AQUA) response when receiving a visit from West Java Governor Dedi Mulyadi became a public conversation after the agenda was recorded and uploaded on social media. The company’s answer when asked about the water source that had been used triggered a communication crisis, especially after the mention of “drilled wells.” This issue triggered a perception-based reputation crisis due to the expectation gap between the image of the AQUA brand as an AMDK sourced from “natural mountain water” and the public’s understanding of the technical terms of water resource management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, utilizing secondary data in the form of online media reports, official company statements, and social media content. The analysis was carried out within the framework of Navigating the Case Analysis Process and supported by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). The results of the analysis show that the crisis experienced by AQUA falls into the category of accidental cluster, with a moderate level of attribution of responsibility. Although AQUA responded to the crisis relatively quickly and transparently, technical and defensive communication strategies have not been fully effective in closing the gap in public perception. This research emphasizes the importance of empathetic, educational, and dialogical crisis communication in the digital age, as well as the consistency of cross-channel framing to restore trust and organizational reputation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Retno Wulandari, Ana Noviani, Anggie Nur Fitrianti, Christania Pingkan Putrinita, Meyta Roida Rebecka Hutapea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Service Recovery Performance on Word of Mouth with the Mediation of Perceived Justice and Complaint Handling Satisfaction among Bpjs Ketenagakerjaan Participants
This study aims to analyze the effect of service recovery performance (SRP) on word of mouth (WOM) with perceived justice (PJ) and complaint handling satisfaction (CHS) as mediating variables. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach, involving participants who had previously submitted complaints through the comment section of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan’s official Instagram account. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The results show that SRP has a significant effect on PJ, CHS, and WOM. The strongest effect occurs in the relationship between SRP and PJ, indicating that fast responses, clear explanations, and empathetic interactions enhance participants’ perceived justice. SRP also increases CHS. CHS shows a direct but weak effect on WOM, indicating that cognitive satisfaction alone may not be sufficient to encourage participants to recommend the service. The mediation analysis reveals that PJ significantly mediates the relationship between SRP and WOM, while CHS does not serve as a direct mediator. These findings emphasize that emotional and procedural fairness plays a more decisive role in generating positive WOM than satisfaction with the complaint-handling process itself. Thus, perceived justice emerges as a key psychological factor influencing participants’ communication behavior. This study provides important implications for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, highlighting the need to strengthen digital complaint-handling performance by improving response speed, clarity of information, empathetic communication, and procedural consistency. These efforts are essential to building perceived justice, enhancing participant trust, and fostering positive WOM in digital environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Doni Fahrizal, Ujang Sumarwan, Lilik Noor Yuliati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Coal Downstream Potential in Central Kalimantan
The management and utilization of coal raise new environmental challenges, such as deforestation and land degradation. The issue of global decarbonization requires that coal utilization operate within permitted capacity limits. Based on its diverse characteristics, coal can be utilized as a processed product. Downstream development through advanced coal processing can increase economic value and optimize land use more efficiently. Data were collected from various references, including scientific journals, research reports, government regulations, and related agency documents. The results provide recommendations for coal downstream development, such as optimizing the use of coal as a processed product for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), which function as alternative fuels and industrial raw materials, as well as synthetic natural gas (SNG) as a substitute for natural gas in various sectors. Coal liquefaction can convert coal into liquid hydrocarbons or fuel oil, thereby increasing its added value. Coal–biomass briquettes can produce smokeless fuel and be used for co-firing in steam power plants (PLTU). Extraction of rare earth elements (LTJ) from coal combustion residues also presents potential, as LTJ have high economic value and are fundamental to modern industries. The application of clean coal technologies, including Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), can reduce carbon emissions from coal utilization. Based on these results, diversification of coal utilization through downstream development and clean technologies represents a strategic effort to address environmental challenges and respond to global decarbonization issues in Central Kalimantan Province.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deddy Tanggara, Dody A.K. Wijaya, Wita Kristiana, Nuansa Mare Apui Ganang, I Dewa Made Prawindya Kumara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Representation of Conflict in the Soap Opera “Asmara Gen Z” on SCTV
Generation Z is the first generation to use digital technology and exhibits distinct media consumption characteristics, yet television remains relevant when it presents content, such as soap operas, that resonates with their experiences. This study aims to analyze the representation of conflict in the soap opera “Asmara Gen Z” episode 322 through Robert Entman’s four dimensions of framing to uncover the ideological values and social responsibilities conveyed to Gen Z audiences. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing Entman’s framing model analysis and in-depth interviews with six Gen Z informants. The results indicate that the conflict is framed as a personal character conflict reinforced by an inconsistent school policy system. The “9 Ilmu” group is represented as a highly solidary group expected to yield, whereas “Tirta Persada” is depicted as a privileged group making excessive demands. This study concludes that soap operas transmit four paradoxical values: passive adaptive solidarity, empathy, ambiguous distributive justice, and maturity as passivity, collectively reinforcing the ideology of “Privileged Compassion.” Recommendations are directed at soap opera creators to develop narratives that are more attuned to issues of distributive justice, emphasizing solutions centered on personal attitude change rather than systemic reform.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Vidya Nur Azizah, Farida Nurfalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) Policy on the Welfare of the Community in Cangkoak Village
The government launched the Family Hope Program as an effort to alleviate poverty among the poor. However, there are still several problems in its implementation, such as inaccurate and untargeted recipient data, as well as the large number of PKH recipients who are dependent on assistance. This study was conducted to examine the impact of the PKH policy implementation on the welfare of the Cangkoak Village community. The method used was a quantitative method through a causal association design. By distributing questionnaires to gather data, the study found a clear link between the PKH policy and increased community welfare. The statistical significance of this relationship is backed by a partial T-test; the calculated t-value (5.779) proved to be higher than the t-table value (1.99394) at the 5% alpha level. The conclusion of this study proves that PKH has an impact on community welfare in alleviating poverty by 32%. Therefore, this program must be improved by refining the data collection system for recipients to ensure it is on target, as well as the role of PKH assistants in encouraging the community not to become dependent on assistance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursahidin Nursahidin, Aurelia Febriyanti Rahmat, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Kuningan Samsat Service: Responding to the Challenges of Productivity and Public Satisfaction
The One-Stop Administration System (SAMSAT) is a public service institution that plays an important and strategic role in managing motor vehicle administration and interacts directly with the community. In carrying out its duties, this institution faces various operational challenges, including queue congestion at certain hours, disruptions in the application system, and a lack of behavioral consistency among officers. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of SAMSAT Kuningan services based on the three dimensions of Richard M. Steers’ theory, namely productivity, community satisfaction, and adaptability, as well as to identify inhibiting factors and efforts to improve them. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results show that service productivity is relatively high because revenue realization almost entirely meets the target, with a large volume of vehicles served every day. Most people expressed satisfaction with the services received, which were generally categorized as good, although variations in user experience were still found. The adaptability aspect shows the progressive implementation of digital innovation; however, its utilization is not evenly distributed among the community. This study concludes that SAMSAT Kuningan services are generally effective but still require improvements in service consistency, the reliability of technological systems, and strengthened adaptation efforts to achieve full optimization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Salwa Salsabilla, Siti Khumayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APPIRO: IoT and GPS-Based Brake Failure Detection and Early Warning Device for Freight Vehicles
Traffic accidents due to brake failures in freight vehicles in Indonesia account for around 90 percent of the total traffic accidents. This condition prompted researchers to create APPIRO (Brake Blong Detection and Early Warning Tool) based on IoT and GPS, which functions to provide early warning of potential braking system failures in real-time to reduce the number of accidents caused by freight transportation that experiences brake failure. This study aims to design, calibrate, and evaluate APPIRO tools in detecting over-temperature in brake systems and loads in freight transport vehicles. R&D (Research and Development) research methods include hardware design, application manufacturing, calibration of Thermocouple Type K, Loadcell Type S sensors, and limited scale trials. APPIRO's main components consist of thermocouple type K temperature sensor, S type loadcell, ESP32 microcontroller, GPS Tracker NEO6MV2 module, HX711 module, MAX6675 module, dual channel relay, 16x2 LCD, IoT-based Kodular application that displays real-time temperature, load, vehicle location data and early warning notifications. The calibration results at the Center for Standardization and Industrial Services showed a relative error of the thermocouple sensor of –1.11% and the loadcell of 1.48%, which is still within acceptable accuracy limits. Limited trials showed that in pick-up vehicles with a load of 2476.9 kgf, the brake oil temperature increased to 212.4°C so that the system gave a "Danger" warning, while in engkel trucks the maximum temperature was only 95.7°C with the status of "Safe".
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadhli Yusuf As Shiddiq, Sutan Muhammad Fachri , Bagus Andrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BUSINESS STRATEGY ARCHITECTURE AT ESQ TOURS
The rapid growth of the Umrah and Hajj industry in Indonesia and globally presents both significant opportunities and competitive challenges for specialized travel organizers. This study examines the business strategy architecture at ESQ Tours (PT Fajrul Ikhsan Wisata), one of Indonesia's leading dedicated Umrah and Hajj travel agencies, established since 2005. The research aims to develop a comprehensive business strategy architecture aligned with the company's vision as a preferred and trusted halal tour operator in Southeast Asia. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using a case study model, with data collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, company annual reports, and literature reviews. Data analysis incorporated a multi-layered strategic framework, including foresight analysis, PESTLE, Porter's Five Forces, VRIO, Activity-Based Management (ABM), SWOT, TOWS Matrix, and the A'WOT (AHP-SWOT) method to prioritize strategic choices. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix yielded a score of 2.860 and the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix scored 2.790, placing ESQ Tours in Quadrant V of the IE Matrix, recommending a "Hold and Maintain" strategy through market penetration and product development. Key findings reveal that ESQ Tours' primary competitive advantages lie in its unique ESQ 165-based meaning methodology and strong brand reputation, while its most critical weakness is the underutilization of the pilgrim waiting-period ecosystem. Three priority strategies were formulated: spiritual experience-based differentiation, strengthening unique value propositions, and service quality standardization. The resulting business strategy architecture for 2026–2030 is built upon two pillars—offensive differentiation and internal modernization—with a transformative shift from a transactional to a relational and sustainable business model through activation of the Hajj waiting congregation ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bramanto Wibisono, Yudha Heryawan Asnawi, Asep Taryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Effect of Dividend Payout Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin on the Stock Price of Technology Companies in Indonesia
The technology sector in Indonesia experienced significant dynamics during the 2020–2024 period, beginning with a surge in stock prices during the COVID-19 pandemic due to accelerated digitalization, followed by a “tech winter” phase in 2022–2023 characterized by declining stock values amid rising interest rates and post-pandemic normalization. This volatility raises questions about the financial factors that influence technology stock prices, particularly given the sector’s unique characteristics of prioritizing growth over immediate profitability. This study aims to determine the effect of dividend payout ratio, debt to equity ratio, and net profit margin on stock prices. The method used in this research is panel data regression. The research data used are financial statement ratios for 2020–2024. The population in this research was 19 technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with 7 companies sampled and selected by purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this research is panel data regression, which is processed using the EViews 13 program. The research results using the common effect model indicate that the dividend payout ratio, debt to equity ratio, and net profit margin have no simultaneous effect on stock prices. However, when tested individually, the net profit margin has a significantly positive influence on stock prices, whereas the dividend payout ratio and debt to equity ratio do not have any significant effect.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Akbar, Ni Nyoman Diana Purnama Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Transformation of News Editors After the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology
This research explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in newsroom environments and its impact on the behavioral changes of journalists, particularly at the news editor level. The adoption of generative AI in mass media continues to grow in line with the rapid advancement of digital technology globally. The application of AI in journalistic work—such as news gathering, writing, editing, and distribution—has had significant effects on media professionals. This research aims to examine in depth news editors' perspectives on the use of AI in the newsroom and the behavioral transformations that result from it. The study adopts an interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as its research strategy. It uses concepts from technological determinism, diffusion of innovations theory, and journalistic ethics as analytical tools to better understand the phenomena experienced by the research participants. The findings reveal three key aspects of transformation among news editors following the integration of AI in newsroom practices: changes in work routines, the meaning attributed to AI in journalism, and the evolving competencies of news editors. AI technology is viewed as a supporting tool rather than a replacement for news editors. While technical functions such as writing SEO-based articles, checking language structure, and conducting issue research can be performed by AI, editorial decisions and final editing remain the responsibility of human editors. In conclusion, the study highlights news editors' responses and interpretations of AI use, with their transformation marked by increased work efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Noviani, Agnes Yusuf, Dedi Prasetia, Siti Retno Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Policy Agenda and Legislative Process in Legislative Institutions: A Systematic Review of the Literature and its Implications for the Indonesian House of Representatives
Research on policy agendas and legislative processes plays a strategic role in understanding the dynamics of political representation within democratic systems. The development of literature in this field still shows limitations in thematic, institutional, and geographical scope. This research aims to systematically map the development of studies on policy agendas and legislative processes, with a particular focus on the institutional dynamics of legislative bodies within the context of representative democracy. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review combined with bibliometric analysis using the R-based Biblioshiny tool, with data sourced from the Scopus database for the period 2014–2025. The findings indicate that the study of policy agendas and legislative processes has experienced relatively stagnant growth, with dominant themes including agenda setting, legislative politics, and policy processes. The intellectual structure of the literature identifies political parties as central actors in the formation of policy agendas within legislative institutions. In terms of geographical distribution, research remains concentrated in liberal democracies in Western regions, while studies in developing country contexts such as Indonesia are still very limited. The lack of studies emphasizing the institutional role of the Legislative Body of the House of Representatives reveals a significant research gap. The results of this study are expected to enrich the literature on policy agendas by incorporating an institutional perspective from the context of developing democracies and reaffirming the importance of legislative bodies in realizing democratic political representation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rofii Zuhdi Kuniawan, Muh. Azis Muslim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) and NPK Fertilizer Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Cherry Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum Ver)
One of the critical factors in increasing agricultural productivity is efficient and environmentally friendly nutrient management. This study aims to determine the effect of the combined dose of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cherry tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiform). The research was conducted in the Mekarjaya Village research field, Gantang District, Indramayu Regency, West Java, at an altitude of ±36 m above sea level, from June to September 2025. The experiment used a Group Randomized Complete Block (RAK) factorial design with two factors: POC concentration (10, 20, and 30 ml/L) and NPK fertilizer dose (100, 200, and 300 kg/ha), yielding nine treatment combinations, each repeated three times. The observed variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root components, number of fruits, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plot, and fresh weight of leaves and stems. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% level, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed that the combination of POC and NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on most growth parameters and the yield of cherry tomatoes, especially during the medium to late vegetative phase. The best combination was obtained from the treatment of POC 20 ml/L and NPK 200 kg/ha, which produced the highest fruit weight—1.78 kg per plant and 14.27 kg per plot, equivalent to 35.7 tons ha?¹. In addition, plant height and number of leaves at 28–35 HST showed a clear to very strong correlation with fruit weight per plot. Thus, the combination of POC 20 ml/L and NPK 200 kg/ha is recommended to optimally and sustainably increase the growth and yield of cherry tomatoes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arsy Al Dzismi, Suwanta Suwanta, Achmad Faqih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract From Sea Pandan (Pandanus Tectorius) on Hydroxyproline Levels as A Parameter For Collagen Formation in The Healing Process of Incision Wounds in Male Rattus Norvegicus
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of sea pandan fruit on hydroxycroline levels as a parameter for collagen formation in the healing process of incisional wounds of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study is a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The experimental animals used were male white rats which were divided into negative control groups (Gel Base), positive control (Bioplacenton®), and treatment groups with marine pandan ethanol extract gel concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The treatment was carried out for 10 days at the Integrated Biomolecular and Hyperbaric Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. The measured parameter was the level of hydroxychlorine of skin tissue. The results showed that there was a significant difference in hydroxyproline levels between treatment groups (p=0.032). The 20% concentration provides the most optimal effect with the highest average hydroxycroline levels and the narrowest data distribution, signaling more consistent fibroblast stimulation and collagen deposition. A concentration of 10% indicates high variability so the effect is less stable, while a concentration of 30% provides a moderate effect that may be affected by mild irritation. The conclusion of this study is that sea pandan fruit ethanol extract gel has the potential to accelerate the healing of incision wounds through increasing hydroxycrolin levels as an indicator of collagen formation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vanessa Hedyana Putri, Roostantia Indrawati, Andi Abdullah, Afifah Sekarkusuma, Shehnaz Neisa Rasyid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Effect of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Death Benefits on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Heirs of Participants in the Informal Sector
Informal workers constitute a major segment of Indonesia’s labor force and remain highly vulnerable to income shocks due to limited social protection coverage. The Death Benefit Program (Jaminan Kematian/JKM), administered by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, serves as a key social protection mechanism for informal workers and their survivors. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study examines the effects of JKM benefits on survivors’ socioeconomic conditions and compares benefit utilization between rural and urban areas. Quantitative analysis based on the Basic Needs Approach and SEM-PLS reveals that JKM benefits have a positive and significant effect on all basic needs dimensions in both settings. The impact on food security is more pronounced in rural areas, whereas the effect on clothing needs is stronger in urban areas, reflecting differences in socioeconomic structures. Qualitative findings grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior indicate that educational scholarships enhance educational continuity by strengthening attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control. These results underscore the importance of region-sensitive social protection design for informal workers. SWOT analysis was used in this study to develop recommendations for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in providing policies and education to improve the effectiveness of Death Benefit utilization by heirs in urban and rural areas, which resulted in a growth-oriented strategy in the form of efforts to increase social security literacy among young people, strengthen access to information and infrastructure in rural areas, and design contextual, region-based social protection policies to improve the effectiveness of JKM benefits utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferwina Sari Darwis, Noer Azam Achsani, Nur Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Determinants of Honest Academic Behavior Among Indonesian NonEngineering Students in the Era of AI: A TPB-Based Structural Equation Modeling Study
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools has reshaped learning practices across non-engineering disciplines, including the social sciences, business, humanities, education, and law. While these technologies offer clear pedagogical benefits, they also raise growing concerns regarding academic integrity, particularly in writing-intensive fields. This study examines the psychological factors that promote honest academic behavior among Indonesian non-engineering students, drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its theoretical foundation. A total of 375 undergraduate students from universities across Indonesia completed a structured online survey comprising 35 Likert-scale items measuring attitude toward honest behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral intention (BI), and actual honest behavior (AB). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS to evaluate construct reliability, validity, and hypothesized relationships. The results demonstrate that ATB, SN, and PBC significantly influence BI, collectively accounting for 52% of its variance. Behavioral intention emerged as the strongest predictor of actual honest behavior (? = 0.61, p < .001), while perceived behavioral control also showed a modest but significant direct effect (? = 0.12, p = .028), together explaining 48% of the variance in AB. Bootstrapping analysis further confirmed the mediating role of behavioral intention in all antecedent–behavior pathways. These findings extend the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to AI-enhanced learning environments in non-engineering disciplines and underscore the role of ethical attitudes, social influence, and perceived competence in maintaining academic integrity. The study provides practical insights for higher education institutions in developing responsible AI-use policies tailored to non-engineering students.
Copyright (c) 2026 B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enhancing Digital Literacy and Speaking Skills of Students Based on Artificial Intelligence Through Deep Learning
The enhancement of AI-based digital literacy and speaking skills among students through deep learning represents a strategic realization of digital transformation across all sectors, including higher education. This development is examined through a structured framework comprising (1) introduction, (2) objectives, (3) implementation, (4) procedural steps, (5) materials, (6) references, and (7) assessment and final evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 840 students enrolled in the Indonesian Language course, distributed as follows: 71 from Public Health A, 63 from Public Health B, 76 from Public Health C, 235 from Undergraduate Medicine, 67 from Nutrition A, 64 from Nutrition B, 59 from Dentistry A, 46 from Dentistry B, 30 from Nursing A, 35 from Nursing B, 24 from Informatics A, 22 from Informatics B, 24 from Informatics C, 8 from Informatics D, and 16 from Informatics E. Data were collected via Google Forms. The results indicate that improvements in AI-based digital literacy and speaking skills through deep learning were executed with a balanced distribution across planning (38.93%), implementation (54.81%), and evaluation (45.45%). These findings demonstrate a significant equilibrium between knowledge and skills, as well as between theory and practice, in advancing students' AI-based digital literacy and oral communication competencies through deep learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yustinah Yustinah, Bambang Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategy for Optimizing Oil Palm Plantation Productivity Through Barangan Banana Intercropping During Replanting Period (Case Study: PT Agricinal)
The declining productivity of oil palm plantations exceeding the optimal productive age (>25 years) poses significant financial challenges for plantation companies. PT Agricinal experienced a drastic decrease in Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) productivity from 6.41 tons/ha/year in 2020 to 3.92 tons/ha/year in 2022—far below the ideal standard of 25–30 tons/ha/year. This condition triggered a replanting decision in 2022 but created a 3–4-year non-productive period (Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan/TBM) without operational revenue. This research aims to analyze the financial feasibility of Barangan banana intercropping on 1,000 ha of replanting land as a revenue optimization solution. The research methodology employs a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative business feasibility analysis—using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Period (PP), sensitivity analysis, and SWOT analysis indicators—with qualitative insights. Research findings demonstrate that Barangan banana intercropping provides significant improvements in financial feasibility: NPV increased 66.8%, from IDR 58.63 billion to IDR 97.79 billion; IRR increased from 25% to 45%; Net B/C increased from 1.65 to 1.77; and Payback Period shortened from 6 years to 4 years. Sensitivity analysis proves the project's resilience to fluctuations in CPO prices, operational costs, and FFB productivity. The intercropping strategy effectively fills cash flow gaps during the TBM period, enhances land use efficiency, and strengthens plantation business competitiveness. This research concludes that implementing Barangan banana intercropping on oil palm replanting land is feasible and strategic for large-scale application as a sustainable agribusiness model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Martahi Bonar Manurung, Hermanto Siregar, Hendro Sasongko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Performance Management in Refrigerated Transportation Company PT WET Logistics Indonesia Based on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
PT WET Logistics Indonesia is a company engaged in the refrigerated truck rental sector. To improve service quality, PT WET Logistics Indonesia has implemented integrated Industry 4.0 technology through the Transportation Management System (TMS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and data thermologger (DTL) across its fleet, positively impacting the company's revenue. Nonetheless, management realizes that developing a long-term strategy cannot rely solely on financial performance indicators and customer satisfaction. This dependence risks delays in responding to changes in the business environment and lost strategic opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to design the stages of strategy formulation by translating the company's vision, mission, and strategy into four Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives and developing a strategic map based on cause-and-effect relationships. The research method involves performance management design aligned with the company's vision and strategy, supported by Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviews with stakeholders. The results show that the strategy formulation stage yields an elaboration of the vision, mission, and strategy into four BSC perspectives. The strategic planning stage produces a strategic map, 13 strategic goals, 15 critical success factors (CSF), and 17 key performance indicators (KPIs) with priority targets and weights determined using the Saaty scale (1–9). Furthermore, 39 strategic initiatives were formulated and are monitored through a BSC-based performance management dashboard with a traffic light control system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widaningsih Widaningsih, Raden Dikky Indrawan, Popong Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia Coli in Sandal Mats at Sukabumi Farms
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec), poses a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Intensive broiler farms serve as important reservoirs of ESBL-E.coli, exposing workers through ingestion during routine activities. This study aimed to assess ESBL-Ec prevalence and estimate ingestion exposure among workers in closed-house broiler farms in Sukabumi City. Laboratory and field analyses were conducted using spread plate methods, MCA-CTX selective media, and ESBL confirmation by Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) on samples from workers’ Footwear. The concentration of E. coli bacteria on the surface of the sandals in the dry season was (1.37 ± 0.02) × 103 CFU/cm2), while in the rainy season it was (1.16 ± 0.05) × 10³ The confirmed concentration of ESBL-Ec bacterial colonies was (0.42 ± 0.02) × 10³ CFU/cm²). Meanwhile, for the rainy season, the ESBL-Ec concentration obtained was (0.14 ± 0.03) × 10³ CFU/cm².The results of this study confirm that workers' footwear in closed-house broiler farms is a real reservoir for the spread of ESBL-E.c bacteria. The high concentrations of bacteria found, both in the dry and rainy seasons, indicate the need for stricter biosecurity protocols and routine sanitation of work equipment to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistance from the farm environment to humans.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irvan Aditya Prabowo, Iftita Rahmatika, Yudith Vega Paramitadevi, Cindy Rianti Priadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0