Asian Journal of Social and Humanities is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and technology fields. The journal is published bimonthly by Pelopor Publikasi Akademika collaboration with Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional delapantoto
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Reading Electric Vehicle Advertising Through Social Semiotics: Analysis of Visual Grammar Meta functions in Wuling Air EV Drive for a Green Life
Electric vehicle advertising increasingly functions not only as product promotion but also as a cultural discourse that constructs meanings of sustainability, technology, and modern lifestyles. This study aims to examine how the Wuling Air EV “Drive for a Green Life” advertisement constructs visual meaning through social semiotics. A qualitative descriptive-interpretive approach with a critical-interpretive paradigm was employed. The data consisted of eight purposively selected frames from the 61-second advertisement, representing character introduction, product reveal, urban mobility, family use, environmental imagery, and lifestyle scenes. Analysis was conducted in two stages: Barthes’ denotative and connotative interpretation, followed by Kress and van Leeuwen’s three visual grammar meta functions of representation, interaction, and composition. The findings show that the advertisement positions the Wuling Air EV as more than a transportation product. Through visual elements such as gaze, camera angle, color, salience, spatial arrangement, modern urban settings, family imagery, and clean environmental backgrounds, the vehicle is associated with future mobility, technological sophistication, convenience, environmental responsibility, and aspirational urban living. However, these meanings are selectively constructed through idealized representations that exclude congestion, uneven charging infrastructure, and socioeconomic realities. The study concludes that visual choices strategically shape public perceptions of electric mobility and sustainability in Indonesian consumer culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fergie Jiornel Lay, Nanang Endrayanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Digital Marketing and Product Innovation on Product Development Performance at XYZ Juice
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of digital marketing and product innovation on product development performance at XYZ Juice. The research focused on the Chia Seed topping innovation by utilizing sales data from XYZ Juice before and after the innovation during the period from February to May (covering pre-fasting, fasting, and post-fasting months). The t-test results indicated a decline in the number of cups sold following the product innovation, although the overall sales revenue remained relatively unchanged. The study further examined buyer responses through a survey to assess the effects of digital marketing and product innovation on product development performance. Data were collected from 230 respondents through Google Forms and analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings revealed that the independent variables collectively had a significant effect on the dependent variable (0.000 < 0.05). The R-square value of 0.171 indicated that digital marketing and product innovation explained only 17.1% of the variance in product development performance. Individual correlation tests showed that digital marketing did not have a significant effect on product development performance (p-value = 0.316 > 0.05), whereas product innovation had a significant effect (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). These results suggested that the owner of XYZ Juice should investigate other factors that account for the remaining 82.9% of the variance in product development performance, as digital marketing did not demonstrate a significant contribution. This finding may be related to the predominantly middle- to lower-income characteristics of the Bonang area community; therefore, further research on consumer behavior in this region is recommended
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwarno Suwarno, Daniel Lingga Tanaer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Construction of American Pop Identity in the News Media Coverage of the Girl Group KATSEYE
The influence of global popular culture and media has prompted debates over how American pop identity is constructed, circulated, and negotiated within the music industry. This study aims to examine how news media construct KATSEYE, a multicultural girl group created by HYBE and Geffen Records, as an American pop and global cultural icon. Employing a qualitative approach, this research applies Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis, which covers textual analysis, discursive practice, and sociocultural practice, complemented by Adorno and Horkheimer’s culture industry perspective. Data were purposively collected from news coverage published between June and August 2024, along with interviews with a Cosmopolitan editor and members of the KATSEYE fandom. The findings reveal that media narratives frame KATSEYE through labels such as “the biggest global girl group,” positioning the American market as a benchmark for global success. This framing reflects industrial collaboration, algorithmic distribution, cultural commodification, and the marketing of diversity and empowerment. Nevertheless, fandom audiences do not passively accept these discourses; instead, they negotiate them by emphasizing hybridity, authenticity, multicultural representation, personal connection, and artistic merit. The study concludes that KATSEYE’s American pop identity is neither fixed nor exclusively controlled by the industry but is continuously reconstructed through interactions among media institutions, entertainment corporations, digital platforms, and participatory global audiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvia Dini Azzahra, Khaerudin Imawan, Aghnia Dian Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Management of Demonstrations by Local Governments and Relevant Authorities: An Analysis of Their Roles and Impact on Public Order and the Protection of the Community
Demonstrations as a form of public participation in local democracy often face tensions with authorities, particularly when communication and conflict management mechanisms are ineffective. The demonstration at the Central Java Governor's Office in Semarang on August 29, 2025, which began peacefully but escalated into mass riots causing substantial damage and public disruption, highlights the urgent need to evaluate how local governments and relevant authorities manage demonstrations and their implications for public order and community protection. This research analyzes the role of local governments and relevant authorities in managing demonstrations, as well as their implications for public order and community protection. The study used a qualitative approach with narrative-descriptive analysis of interviews with 20 respondents (10 officers and 10 demonstrators) and linked them to a conflict governance lens. The data show that initially peaceful demonstrations turned into mass riots due to the motive of demands for justice for victims of violence by officers and rejection of government policies deemed not in favor of the people. The security approach of officers was predominantly repressive, while the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) played an administrative role. There was a sharp contrast in perception between officers who considered security measures in accordance with SOPs and demonstrators who considered the actions arrogant and traumatic. Conflict governance is still oriented solely towards maintaining order, thus recommending a transformation to a dialogue policing model, the implementation of the Elaborated Social Identity Model, multi-agency coordination, digital narrative monitoring, and human rights-based post-action evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Pia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Harmonization of Mining Laws Post-Centralization in the Implementation of the Regional Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination (RAD-PPM) in West Kalimantan Province
This research is motivated by the centralization of mining affairs from regional to central government under Law No. 3 of 2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining, creating a legal gap in West Kalimantan Province. The region remains burdened with obligations to implement the RAD-PPM under the Minamata Convention Ratification (Law No. 11 of 2017) to mitigate impacts of Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (PESK/PETI), while licensing control and operational supervision have been entirely withdrawn to the Central Government. This study analyzes the juridical harmonization of this gap and formulates strengthened Forkopimda governance to address obstacles in ecological supervision of community mining. The method used is normative-empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, employing Statutory Approach, Content Analysis, and Sociological Jurisprudence through interviews with the West Kalimantan DLHK, Mining Inspectors, and civil society organizations, analyzed using the Theory of Authority and Soerjono Soekanto's Theory of Legal Effectiveness. Results show that centralization triggers a norm antinomy and regulatory vacuum in operationalizing RAD-PPM, necessitating vertical delegation of remaining authorities. Overcoming multidimensional barriers limited infrastructure, budgets, and miners' dependence on mercury requires strengthening Forkopimda as an integrative harmonizer, ensuring law enforcement is not merely repressive but also accommodative toward legalizing People's Mining Areas (WPR) and non-mercury technology substitution for sustainable ecological justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herbin Mardongan Sihombing, Laksanto Utomo, Amalia Syauket https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Synergy Between Civil Service Investigators at the Natural Resources Conservation Agency and Indonesian National Police Investigators in Law Enforcement Against Pangolin Scale Trafficking
West Kalimantan, a region characterized by extensive forest areas and high biodiversity, faces a serious threat from the illegal trade of pangolin (Manis javanica) scales. Law enforcement in the conservation sector involves two investigative institutions, namely Civil Servant Investigators (Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil; PPNS) of the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam; BKSDA) and Indonesian National Police Investigators (Penyidik Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia; Polri), which operate within a coordination and supervisory relationship (koordinasi dan pengawasan; Korwas). This study aims to analyze the synergy patterns between the two institutions in investigating criminal acts related to pangolin scale trafficking and to identify obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of such cooperation. The research employed normative legal research (yuridis normatif) with a qualitative approach based on a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using the legal hermeneutics method. The findings indicate that although the regulatory framework, particularly Law No. 20 of 2025 concerning Criminal Procedure Law and Law No. 32 of 2024 concerning Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem; KSDAE), clearly regulates the division of functional roles, its implementation in practice remains constrained by sectoral egos, differing interpretations of criminal elements during the P-19 stage, limited forensic resources, and geographical barriers in border areas. This study recommends strengthening the Korwas function, implementing joint investigation training based on asset tracing approaches, enhancing digital forensic infrastructure, and developing permanent operational protocols for institutional synergy to achieve legal certainty and ecological justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susi Tutri, Amalia Syauket, Lusia Sulastri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Farmers’ Characteristics and Satisfaction with the Use of PT XYZ’s Organic Fertilizer in Losari Subdistrict, Brebes Regency
The adoption of organic fertilizer among Indonesian farmers remains relatively limited despite its potential to support sustainable agriculture and improve long-term soil productivity. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of farmers using PT XYZ’s organic fertilizer and assess their satisfaction with the product and supporting services in Losari Subdistrict, Brebes Regency. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach involving 38 rice farmers selected through purposive sampling from a population of 50 users. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire interviews and analyzed using descriptive analysis, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results showed that organic fertilizer users represented only 0.69% of the 5,504 rice farmers in Losari Subdistrict, indicating substantial potential for market expansion. Respondents were predominantly male farmers aged 40–60 years, with extensive farming experience and small- to medium-sized farms. The IPA results identified product guarantees, reusable and varied packaging sizes, conformity of results with product claims, and product accessibility as priority areas for improvement. The CSI score reached 67.88%, placing farmers in the satisfied category, although most attributes showed negative performance–expectation gaps. The study concludes that farmer satisfaction is generally positive but not optimal, requiring improvements in distribution, packaging, quality assurance, demonstration plots, and technical assistance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhmad Mediranto, Popong Nurhayati, Handaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Metabolic and Antidiabetic Effects of Rosa damascena Mill. Extract in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting more than 537 million adults worldwide, with its prevalence in Indonesia projected to reach 16.09% by 2045. Rosa damascena Mill. contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic properties; however, its antidiabetic potential has not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aims to evaluate the metabolic and antidiabetic effects of Rosa damascena Mill. extract in animal models of diabetes mellitus. This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ProQuest, identifying 504 records. Six in vivo animal studies met the inclusion criteria. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin or a high-fructose diet in male Wistar rats. The risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool, and reporting quality was evaluated using the ARRIVE Essential 10 guidelines. Findings were synthesised descriptively. Rosa damascena Mill. extract improved glycaemic and metabolic parameters, with a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose at a dose of 1000 mg/kg (p < 0.0001) and a consistent reduction in triglyceride levels (75 ± 9 vs. 217 ± 18 mg/dL). Methanolic extract demonstrated 98% a-glucosidase inhibition compared with 51% for acarbose. Improvements in insulin sensitivity, increased adiponectin levels, and reduced NF-kB expression were also observed, although changes in HbA1c were not statistically significant. Although Rosa damascena demonstrates promising antidiabetic effects, the available evidence remains limited due to the small number of studies (n = 6), methodological heterogeneity, and unclear risk of bias, highlighting the need for further standardised research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Aziz Bin Haji Abdul Hamid, Maftuchah Rochmanti, citrawati.dyah@fk.unair.ac.id https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Subgrade Soil Stabilization for Road Construction Using Limestone and Soil Stabilizer Additives in Arso XIV
Low subgrade bearing capacity is one of the major challenges in road construction, particularly in areas dominated by high-plasticity clay soils that are vulnerable to water saturation and structural deformation. The Arso XIV road section in Keerom Regency, Papua, experiences similar problems due to poor soil characteristics, resulting in low California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values that require stabilization treatment. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of the existing subgrade soil, evaluate the effect of limestone addition at various proportions, and analyze the effectiveness of Soil Stabilizer additives in improving soil bearing capacity. A quantitative experimental method was applied through laboratory testing using native soil, limestone variations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and an additional 2% Soil Stabilizer additive. The tested parameters included Atterberg limits, specific gravity, standard Proctor compaction, and submerged California Bearing Ratio (CBR) based on applicable technical standards. The results showed that limestone and Soil Stabilizer combinations significantly improved soil properties by reducing the plasticity index, increasing maximum dry density, and enhancing CBR values. The highest performance was achieved in the mixture of 30% limestone and 2% Soil Stabilizer, which increased the CBR value from 2.20% to 7.60%, representing an improvement of approximately 245%. The study concludes that the combination of local limestone and Soil Stabilizer is an effective and sustainable alternative for improving subgrade quality and supporting road construction in Arso XIV, Keerom Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mesak Albertus Masoka, Petrus Bahtiar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Legal Analysis of the United States' Unilateral Import Tariff Policy on Indonesia's Trade Relations from the Perspective of International Trade Law
The global trading system has increasingly faced challenges arising from unilateral tariff measures adopted by major economies, creating tensions between national trade interests and obligations under international trade law. The United States' reciprocal import tariff policy, which initially imposed a 32% tariff on Indonesian products, raised legal concerns regarding its consistency with the principles of non-discrimination, Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment, and tariff-binding commitments under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994. This study aimed to analyze the legal implications of the United States' unilateral import tariff policy toward Indonesia and to examine Indonesia's legal and strategic responses to protecting its export interests. This research employed a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis was based on primary legal materials, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, WTO agreements, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, official government documents, and relevant legal decisions, supported by secondary literature and illustrative data from export-sector stakeholders. The findings indicated that the unilateral tariff policy could conflict with Articles I and II of the GATT 1994 if the differential treatment and additional tariffs were not justified under applicable WTO exceptions. The study also found that Indonesia's diplomatic response through the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade reduced tariff pressures but required careful evaluation regarding its regulatory commitments and implications for national policy interests. This research concluded that Indonesia needed a comprehensive strategy combining WTO dispute settlement mechanisms, bilateral diplomacy, export diversification, and strengthened domestic competitiveness to safeguard its national trade interests within the rules-based international trading system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fani Zahara Suwarno Putri, Ratu Mawar Kartina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Construction and Engineering Application of an Anti-Disturbance Control Power Supply System for Key Auxiliary Equipment in Coal-Fired Power Plants Under Weak Grid Conditions
In response to the frequent occurrence of grid disturbances such as voltage sags caused by the weak grid structure in the area where the Datang Jinguang Kalteng Power Plant in Indonesia is located, which have led to power-loss trips of key auxiliary equipment including the coal feeder control system and motor-operated valves (MOVs), posing a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the generating units, this study carries out applied research and engineering retrofitting of an anti-grid-disturbance control power supply system. Through systematic analysis of historical grid disturbance characteristics and the tolerance capabilities of coal feeder control equipment, a high-reliability control power upgrade solution based on online double-conversion UPS and an intelligent power distribution system is designed and implemented, establishing a "secure power supply zone" effectively isolated from grid disturbances. The project completed system design, equipment selection, engineering implementation, and commissioning verification on schedule. Operational results demonstrate that the new system significantly improves the power supply reliability of the coal feeder system under grid disturbance conditions, providing a replicable and scalable technical approach for ensuring reliable power supply to key auxiliary equipment in coal-fired power plants located in weak grid regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhao Hancheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovations In The Implementation of The Sapawarga Application In Taxpayer Administration
The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has encouraged local governments to transform public services through digital innovation, particularly in taxpayer administration. Conventional administrative processes often face challenges, such as limited accessibility, lengthy procedures, and low levels of public participation, making the implementation of e-government necessary to improve service quality. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Sapawarga application in taxpayer administration at the Kuningan Regency SAMSAT Office, identify the challenges encountered during its implementation, and analyze government efforts to address these challenges. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The analysis was based on Richardus Eko Indrajit’s e-government framework, which consists of three dimensions: support, capacity, and value. The findings indicate that the Sapawarga application has improved taxpayer services by simplifying administrative processes, increasing efficiency, enhancing transparency, and enabling taxpayers to access services without directly visiting the SAMSAT office. However, several obstacles remain, including limited digital literacy, unstable internet infrastructure, technical system disruptions, and varying levels of user acceptance. The government has addressed these issues through public outreach, digital literacy programs, technical coordination, and the provision of alternative manual service options. In conclusion, the Sapawarga application represents a significant digital innovation that supports the modernization of taxpayer administration; however, continuous improvements in technological capacity and community readiness are required to ensure sustainable and equitable digital public services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elsa Selvia, Sri Wulandari, Hendri Suwarsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Analysis of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) Policy for Achieving Social Welfare
People’s welfare is a primary objective of state administration, which is pursued through various social protection policies, including the Direct Cash Assistance (Bantuan Langsung Tunai [BLT]) program. Although the poverty rate has continued to decline, vulnerable populations still experience economic pressure due to increasing living costs. Therefore, effective and targeted policy interventions are required. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance (Bantuan Langsung Tunai [BLT]) policy in improving community welfare based on Cirebon Regent Regulation Number 71 of 2023 concerning the Social Welfare Center (Pusat Kesejahteraan Sosial [Puskesos]) and to evaluate its effectiveness and targeting accuracy. This study employed a normative juridical approach with a qualitative research design. The results showed that the implementation of Direct Cash Assistance (Bantuan Langsung Tunai [BLT]) in Cirebon Regency was generally consistent with applicable legal provisions through stages of beneficiary data collection, verification, validation, and assistance distribution involving the Social Welfare Center (Pusat Kesejahteraan Sosial [Puskesos]). However, the policy has not been fully effective because the assistance remains primarily consumptive in nature and challenges persist regarding the accuracy and improvement of the beneficiary data system. Therefore, improvements are needed in data management systems, implementer capacity, optimization of the Puskesos role, and strengthening of economic empowerment programs to achieve sustainable social welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pera Pera, Endang Sutrisno , Harmono Harmono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Financial Education on Financial Literacy and Behavior of the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Global population aging poses significant economic risks for older adults. Amid the rapid transition toward technology-based financial systems, older adults face challenges related to digital exclusion, age-related cognitive decline, socioeconomic disparities among low-income households, gender inequalities, and emerging cyber-financial risks. Financial education programs play a vital role as structural interventions to strengthen financial resilience among elderly populations. This research aims to systematically synthesize the effects of financial education programs on financial literacy levels and changes in actual financial behavior among older adults while considering the dynamics of digital financial resilience. This systematic literature review synthesizes evidence regarding the effects of financial education programs on financial literacy and financial behavior transformation among older adults, with consideration of digital financial resilience factors. Following PRISMA guidelines, articles published between 2021 and 2025 were sourced from the Dimensions, Garuda, and Scopus databases, and methodological quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. The findings revealed age-related declines in financial knowledge, significant gender-based vulnerabilities among older women, and liquidity constraints among low-income household groups. A community-based, offline education model incorporating an age-friendly curriculum and intergenerational support was identified as the most effective intervention approach. Financial education interventions can enhance inclusive financial behaviors among older adults; however, sustaining their long-term impact requires adaptive educational designs and strengthened cybersecurity resilience to support financial protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ani Nuraini, Tiwi Nurhastuti, Hammad, Ati Hermawati, Aisyah Putri Arviani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Digital Marketing and Consumer Behavior on Consumer Product Purchases Among Older Consumers: A Systematic Review and Meta Analytic Evidence Synthesis
Digital marketing has transformed consumer purchasing behavior, including among older consumers who increasingly engage with e-commerce, social media platforms, and personalized advertising. However, evidence regarding its influence on older consumers’ purchase decisions remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analytic evidence synthesis evaluated the association between digital marketing exposure, consumer behavior mechanisms, and purchase decisions among consumers aged 50 years and older. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and PICOS framework, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and Taylor & Francis Online were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2025 that examined older consumers, digital marketing variables, and purchase outcomes. Methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and adapted risk-of-bias domains. Due to inconsistently reported effect sizes, the findings were synthesized narratively as a meta-analysis-ready evidence synthesis. The evidence consistently indicated positive associations between digital marketing, consumer trust, perceived usefulness, digital literacy, online engagement, and older consumers’ purchase decisions. Social media advertising, personalized advertising, e-commerce convenience, online trust, and perceived ease of use emerged as the most frequently reported mechanisms influencing purchase behavior. The certainty of evidence was moderate for trust and perceived usefulness, low-to-moderate for digital literacy and personalization, and low for channel-specific comparative effectiveness. Digital marketing positively influenced older consumers’ purchase decisions when strategies were trustworthy, accessible, personalized, and aligned with older adults’ digital capabilities. Future research should report extractable effect sizes, employ longitudinal designs, and examine age cohort, digital literacy, product category, platform type, and cultural context as potential moderators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Yulianti, Ignatius Erik Sapta Yanuar, Sakti Brata Ismaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Financial Literacy and Business Sustainability Among Elderly Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Review
Global demographic shifts toward an aging population have resulted in an increasing number of older adults remaining economically active, including through entrepreneurial activities. Financial literacy has emerged as a crucial determinant of entrepreneurial resilience, business sustainability, and economic independence among elderly entrepreneurs. This research aims to identify entrepreneurship interventions implemented for elderly populations, assess the impacts of these interventions on quality of life, social well-being, and active aging, and evaluate the role of financial literacy and digital financial literacy in supporting entrepreneurial activities and sustainable entrepreneurship among older adults. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Dimensions, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2026. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal framework and risk-of-bias assessment. This research demonstrates that financial literacy is a critical enabler of successful elderly entrepreneurship. Older adults with adequate financial knowledge are better equipped to manage entrepreneurial risks, savings, and investment decisions. Financial literacy was consistently associated with improved business continuity, entrepreneurial resilience, savings behavior, investment decision-making, digital adaptation, and financial independence. Digital financial literacy also enhanced market adaptation and access to financial technologies. Entrepreneurship interventions positively influenced financial independence, social participation, active aging, and psychological well-being among older adults. Financial literacy represents a strategic capability that supports sustainable entrepreneurship among older adults. Nevertheless, stronger longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to establish causal relationships between financial literacy and long-term business sustainability outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mei Supriyani, Sakti Brata Ismaya, Dinni Agustin, Ignatius Erik Sapta Yanuar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Contribution of Hajj and Umrah Development to MSME Growth in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
The development of the Hajj and Umrah industry in Indonesia has generated significant economic impacts, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world and one of the largest contributors of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims annually, Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in religious tourism-related economic activities. This research aims to systematically review the existing literature regarding the contribution of Hajj and Umrah development to MSME growth in Indonesia. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this study synthesizes findings from national and international scientific publications indexed in databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Dimensions, and Web of Science. A total of 78 eligible studies were included and critically appraised using a risk-of-bias assessment framework. The review identifies major themes, including economic multiplier effects, MSME empowerment, halal industry development, digital transformation, employment generation, and challenges faced by MSMEs within the Hajj and Umrah ecosystem. The findings indicate that the Hajj and Umrah sectors contribute substantially to local economic development through increased demand for halal products, accommodation services, transportation, culinary services, Muslim fashion, and pilgrimage support services. However, MSMEs continue to face challenges related to digitalization, financial access, product standardization, and market competition. This study provides a conceptual synthesis of the relationship between religious tourism and MSME development and offers recommendations for policymakers, industry practitioners, and future researchers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Nurdian, Dinni Agustin, Tina Rosa, Kwarnanto, Sri Siswani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Microplastic Removal in a Lake on the University of Indonesia Campus Using PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Ultrafiltration Membranes
Microplastic pollution is becoming an increasingly important environmental issue due to its potential to degrade water quality and negatively impact ecosystems and human health. Kenanga Lake, located in the University of Indonesia, is a water resource with the potential to be utilized as a raw water source, necessitating pollution control efforts, including those for microplastics. This study aims to design and analyze the performance of a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration system in removing microplastics and improving lake water quality. The research method used a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest–posttest design through testing water samples before and after the filtration process. The PVC ultrafiltration system was equipped with a pretreatment unit in the form of a sediment filter and operated at pressure variations of 1; 1.5; and 2 bar and filtration times of 10, 30, and 60 minutes. The parameters analyzed included the number and characteristics of microplastics, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Conductivity. System performance was evaluated based on removal efficiency and log removal values. The research results are expected to provide information on the effectiveness of PVC ultrafiltration membranes in reducing microplastics and improving lake water quality as an alternative efficient and sustainable water treatment technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abrar Rabhani Waluyaning Jati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Transformational Leadership and Employee Competence inEnhancing Talent Employee Quality in the Automotive Parts Industry
Talent employee quality is a strategic concern in automotive parts manufacturing because this industry requires precision, quality compliance, production reliability, and adaptability to technological change. This research examines the role of transformational leadership and employee competence in enhancing talent employee quality among permanent employees of automotive parts manufacturing companies in Bekasi, Karawang, and Purwakarta, Indonesia. The research used a quantitative descriptive-verificative design. The population consisted of 20,219 permanent employees from 14 companies, and 400 respondents were selected through cluster proportional random sampling. Data were collected using an ordinal-scale questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, measurement-model evaluation, reliability assessment, and structural equation modeling with LISREL 8.80. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on talent employee quality (path coefficient = 0.2816; t = 5.1176), while employee competence also has a positive and significant effect (path coefficient = 0.2526; t = 4.5843). Both t-values exceed the critical value of 1.9660 at the 5% significance level. The full antecedent block in the original SEM model explained 75.55% of the variance in talent employee quality. The study contributes to human resource management literature by positioning talent employee quality as a construct shaped by organizational leadership and individual competence in a manufacturing context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Slamet Ardyanto, H. M. Sidik Priadana, Erni Rusyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Aspects of Consumer Protection for Online Shop Business Actors in Delivery Service Negligence
The rapid growth of e-commerce puts delivery service companies as a crucial element in the distribution chain. However, this dynamic often raises a gap in losses for online shop business actors due to expedition negligence and inequality in the bargaining position in the use of standard clauses. Because of this polemic, this study questions how the legal protection mechanism is able to protect online shop business actors when facing the negligence of the shipper. Therefore, the research was directed to identify proportionate forms of legal protection as well as analyze the effectiveness of the compensation claim process based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In order to unravel these problems, a normative juridical approach enriched with qualitative data is used through tracing of rules, interviews, and observations at J&T Kargo Kesambi. The results of the study revealed that there is an empirical clash between the principle of absolute responsibility in regulation and the practice of including exoneration clauses that unilaterally limit the value of compensation. Insurance facilities often shift into an instrument of release of the responsibility of service providers, forcing business actors to bear absolute financial risks if they do not use them. The fulfillment of this right is further hampered by claim procedures, such as the absolute obligation to include unboxing videos.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raissa Kemala Dewi, Alip Rahman , Siska Karina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enhancing Sustainability Performance through Digital Capability: A Dynamic Capability Perspective in Indonesian National Oil and Gas Companies
This research aims to analyze the role of e-Leadership Capability, Dynamic Digital Workplace Policy, and Digital Culture in shaping the Sustainability Performance of Organization, with Quality Management as the mediating variable and Social Dynamism as the moderation variable, in the context of national oil and gas companies in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. Data was collected from 210 respondents representing various levels of the organization, ranging from Junior Analyst to Vice President (VP) levels, spread across various operational areas of national oil and gas companies in Indonesia. The results show that e-Leadership Capability has a positive and significant influence directly on Sustainability Performance, which confirms the crucial role of digital leadership in driving sustainable business achievements. In contrast, Dynamic Digital Workplace Policy and Digital Culture did not show a significant direct influence on sustainability performance. However, Dynamic Digital Workplace Policy and Digital Culture have proven to have a positive and significant effect on Quality Management, which further contributes strongly to the Sustainability Performance of Organization. The results of the mediation analysis showed that Quality Management mediated the influence of Dynamic Digital Workplace Policy and Digital Culture on the Sustainability Performance of Organization, while the mediating role between e-Leadership Capability and sustainability performance was not proven to be significant. In addition, Social Dynamism significantly moderates the relationship between Quality Management and Sustainability Performance of Organization, suggesting that social dynamics and stakeholder pressures strengthen the relationship between quality practices and sustainability achievements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sadikin, Yolanda Masnita Siagian, Tiara Puspa, Lucy Warsindah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Data Mining Applications to Prediction Stock Prices Using Decision Trees and Neural Networks
Stock price prediction remains a significant challenge in financial markets due to the high volatility and complexity of influencing factors. This study explores the application of hybrid models combining Decision Tree (DT) and Neural Network (NN) methodologies to enhance stock price prediction accuracy. The research utilizes extensive historical market data as the foundational input for training both models individually. The Decision Tree model is employed for its interpretability and ability to handle non-linear relationships, while the Neural Network model capitalizes on its capacity to learn complex patterns through its layered architecture. After training and evaluating each model separately, a hybrid approach is introduced, which averages the predictions from both the DT and NN models. Performance is quantitatively assessed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The results indicate that the hybrid model consistently outperforms individual models, achieving an MAE of 5.6 and RMSE of 7.94, with an overall accuracy of 91.5%. This fusion of methodologies demonstrates improved accuracy and significantly reduces error margins, showcasing the complementary strengths of both algorithms. The findings suggest that leveraging hybrid models can effectively mitigate risks associated with market fluctuations and enhance investment strategies. This research contributes to the field of financial forecasting by providing investors with more robust tools for making informed decisions, and offers recommendations for future research directions in integrating machine learning techniques for financial prediction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dadan Shavkat Riswantoro, Harry Pratomo Bagaskoro , Bambang Suharjo , Danang Rimbawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Existence of Management Groups and Fees on the Functionality of Community-Based Drinking Water Supply Systems in Jayawijaya Regency
Access to safe and sustainable drinking water remains a major challenge in rural and mountainous regions of Indonesia, including Jayawijaya Regency, Papua. Community-Based Drinking Water Supply Systems (SPAM-BM) have been developed to expand water access; however, the long-term functionality of these systems is often constrained by weak institutional management and inadequate financial sustainability. This study examined the influence of the Management Group (KP-SPAM) and community contributions on the functionality of community-based drinking water supply systems in Jayawijaya Regency.A quantitative approach was employed using stratified proportional random sampling. Data were collected from 270 respondents selected from a population of 1,312 active household connections across 18 KP-SPAM units. Data collection methods included questionnaires, observations, structured interviews, and document reviews. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination analysis.The results indicated that the Management Group variable had a positive and significant effect on SPAM functionality (? = 0.701; t = 12.467; p < 0.001), demonstrating that effective institutional management plays a crucial role in ensuring system sustainability. In contrast, community contributions did not have a significant partial effect on functionality (? = –0.092; t = –1.639; p = 0.102), although they may contribute indirectly through their relationship with management performance. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influenced SPAM functionality, explaining 42.65% of the variance in system performance.SWOT analysis further revealed that the management system is positioned in Quadrant I, indicating strong institutional capacity and favorable external opportunities. Strengthening KP-SPAM governance, enhancing financial transparency, and improving community participation are therefore recommended to ensure the sustainability of community-based drinking water services in Jayawijaya Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joni Ta'dung, Mujiati Mujiati, Dewi Ana Rusim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Black-Letter Antitrust: Pharmaceutical Patent Expiry, GenericCompetition, and the Rule of Reason in the Pfizer-Dexa Amlodipine Case a Comparative Legal-Systemic Study of Indonesia, the United States, the European Union, and Japan
This article examines the Pfizer-Dexa amlodipine case as a critical point of intersection among pharmaceutical patent law, generic competition, market regulation, and antitrust adjudication. Rather than treating the case merely as a failed cartel prosecution, the article argues that it reveals a deeper methodological problem in pharmaceutical competition law: the risk of interpreting high prices and parallel market behavior as evidence of collusion without conducting a sufficiently systemic economic and legal inquiry. Using Indonesia as the primary case study and comparing it with the United States, the European Union, and Japan, the article develops the concept of a pharmaceutical systemic rule of reason. This framework requires competition authorities and courts to assess patent expiry, drug approval, generic entry, branded generics, prescription dynamics, distribution structures, and patient access as interconnected components of a regulated health market. The article contributes to antitrust theory by demonstrating that pharmaceutical competition cannot be reduced either to patent absolutism or anti-cartel formalism. Instead, it must be evaluated as a living system in which innovation, access, evidentiary rigor, and market fairness are held together.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raymond R. Tjandrawinata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Law Enforcement Analysis for Copyright Infringement: Legal Certainty Perspective
The rapid development of information and communication technology in the digital era has brought significant changes in the distribution pattern of copyrights, especially cinematographic works. On the other hand, this progress also raises the complexity of law enforcement issues against copyright infringement through digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the aspect of law enforcement against copyright infringement in film products in the digital era in the context of realizing legal certainty for the parties. The approach used was normative juridical with a qualitative type of research. The results of the study show that the Regulation on Copyright has provided an adequate normative basis for copyright protection in the digital era. However, in practice, law enforcement still faces various obstacles, including rapid technological developments, low public legal awareness, and limited resources for law enforcement officials. Regarding legal certainty, the research found that there is a gap between existing legal norms and the reality of enforcement in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to update regulations, strengthen coordination between institutions, and increase public legal awareness to realize optimal legal certainty for all parties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prika Ayunda Lestari, Endang Sutrisno , Harmono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Notary Legal Responsibility for Notarial Defect Deed in Realizing Legal Certainty
Notaries as public officials have the authority to make authentic deeds that function to provide legal certainty for the parties. However, in practice, deeds are still found that are notarially defective due to non-fulfillment of formal provisions as stipulated in Article 44 of the Notary Position Law, which has the potential to cause legal losses. The normative juridical research approach, with the problem of how legal accountability for notaries is related to notarial defect deeds in realizing legal certainty based on Article 44 of the Law on Notary Positions. This study aims to analyze the legal position of deeds that have a notarial defect and the legal liability of the notary to the deed in realizing legal certainty. The results of the study show that violations of the provisions of Article 44 of the Notary Position Law, such as not reading the deed in front of the parties, not fulfilling the presence of witnesses, or not signing at the same time, can cause the deed to experience a notarial defect. The legal consequence that arises is a reduction in the evidentiary power of the deed so that it can be held as a deed under hand or even null and void for the sake of the law. In addition, notaries can be held legally liable in civil cases if proven to have committed mistakes or omissions that cause losses to the parties. Therefore, compliance with the provisions of laws and regulations and the application of the principle of prudence in making deeds are important to realize legal certainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamilah Kamilah, Endang Sutrisno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies Used by Islamic Religious Education Teachers to Instill a Spirit of Religious Moderation in Generation Z
This study explores the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in strengthening religious moderation among Generation Z in response to the growing influence of digital media on students' religious understanding. The increasing circulation of religious content through social media platforms has raised concerns regarding the spread of intolerant and exclusive interpretations, necessitating educational intervention to maintain balanced religious perspectives. The purpose of this research is to analyse the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education teachers in instilling moderation values in students within school environments. The research employs a qualitative case study approach involving Islamic Religious Education teachers, school principals, and Generation Z students as informants. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analysed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers implement multiple integrated strategies, including role modelling, the integration of moderation values into learning materials, the strengthening of digital religious literacy, dialogical learning methods, and the cultivation of a moderate school culture. The results indicate that teacher exemplification is the most influential factor in shaping students' moderate attitudes, followed by interactive and contextual learning practices. Strengthening digital literacy also plays a crucial role in improving students' ability to critically evaluate online religious information. In conclusion, the combined implementation of pedagogical, digital, and cultural strategies effectively fosters tolerant, inclusive, and nationally oriented religious character among Generation Z students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Hamid, Aca Syathybie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovative Assessment Based on Augmented Reality (AR) in Early Childhood Education: Development of A Holistic Assessment Model for Young Children
Digital transformation in early childhood education requires innovative assessment practices that emphasize not only learning outcomes but also learning processes and holistic child development. This research aims to develop and analyze an innovative assessment model based on Augmented Reality (AR) and digital interaction in Islamic kindergarten (Raudhatul Athfal). The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. The participants included 20 children aged 5–6 years and two Raudhatul Athfal teachers at Al-Mansyuriah Bekasi. Data were collected through interactive observation, digital portfolios, and teacher questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that AR-based assessment enhances children's learning engagement, improves teachers' assessment efficiency, and produces more objective and well-documented assessment data. This model is relevant for supporting authentic assessment and strengthening Islamic values in early childhood education. In conclusion, the AR-based holistic assessment model is effective in capturing children's cognitive, social-emotional, linguistic, and moral development comprehensively, while also addressing the limitations of conventional manual assessments by providing a more interactive, systematic, and documentation-friendly approach that aligns with both digital era needs and Islamic educational values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aminulloh Aminulloh, Marwah Marwah, Mimi Hilmiah, Rahmat Rahmat, Zuhriyah Zuhriyah, Abdul Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Business Strategies for Pest Control Services in Expanding the Retail and Residential Market Segments: A Case Study of PT XYZ
PT XYZ, an Indonesian facility management company, faces a liquidity crisis with its cash ratio below 10% and a declining current ratio (2020–2023). A major client mandates a minimum cash ratio of 10% for tender eligibility; failure would disqualify PT XYZ. This pressure drives the company to expand its pest control unit from B2B (oil and gas, state-owned enterprises) into retail and residential markets, which offer faster accounts receivable turnover. This research aims to map the existing business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC), analyze internal and external factors, and determine strategic priorities via A'WOT (AHP+SWOT). Data were collected through interviews, observation, and expert questionnaires. The BMC reveals a model heavily reliant on tenders and personal service assistance. A'WOT results show that the top opportunity is Regulation PERMENKES No. 14/2021 (0.274), the key strength is the Termigon brand (0.070), the main threat is lower local prices (0.031), and the primary weakness is a 24-hour response time (0.019). The top strategic priority is Termigon brand differentiation against foreign multinationals and low-priced local competitors (0.170). Managerial implications include strengthening brand positioning, accelerating ERP-based digital reporting, and optimizing response speed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andriana Kartina Wingtyas, Yudha Heryawan Asnawi, Irvandi Gustari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Mediators and The Legal Force of Recommendation in the Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes
Industrial relations disputes remain a significant challenge in Indonesia’s employment landscape, often arising from disagreements over rights, interests, termination of employment, or conflicts among labor unions. Although the legal framework prioritizes dispute resolution through deliberation and consensus, with bipartite negotiations serving as the primary mechanism, mediation plays a crucial role when such negotiations fail. This study analyzed the role of mediators and the legal implications of mediator recommendations, both normatively and empirically, while evaluating the extent to which existing legal provisions align with the principles of justice and the judicial ideals of simplicity, speed, and low cost. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examined Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning the Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes, labor regulations, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 68/PUU-XIII/2015. The findings revealed that although mediators play a significant role in facilitating dispute resolution by providing legal clarification and proposing equitable solutions, their recommendations lack binding legal force, thereby reducing their effectiveness and creating legal uncertainty. This condition may disproportionately disadvantage workers, who are generally in weaker socio-economic positions. The study recommends legal reform to strengthen the enforceability of mediator recommendations, including the establishment of statutory time limits and the potential granting of binding force under certain conditions, to enhance legal certainty, efficiency, and fairness in industrial dispute resolution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Hidayat, Darwati Darwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0