Asian Journal of Social and Humanities is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and technology fields. The journal is published bimonthly by Pelopor Publikasi Akademika collaboration with Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional
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The Relationship Between Creativity, Innovation, and Business Performance in The Creative Economy
The creative economy is a rapidly growing sector in Indonesia, contributing 6.54% to GDP in 2022 and reaching a value of Rp 1.28 quadrillion. This research aims to analyze the relationship between creativity, innovation, and business performance in the creative economy. A quantitative approach using a survey method was employed, involving 200 creative economy business actors in Semarang City, with purposive sampling as the sampling technique. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0. The results show that creativity significantly and positively affects product innovation (? = 0.672, p < 0.001), innovation significantly and positively affects business performance (? = 0.548, p < 0.001), and creativity directly affects business performance (? = 0.384, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that creativity and innovation are key factors in improving business performance in the creative economy. In conclusion, creativity serves as both a direct driver of business performance and an indirect driver through innovation, with the indirect effect accounting for 48.9% of the total effect. This confirms that fostering both creativity and systematic innovation management is essential for optimizing performance in the creative economy. This research contributes to the development of innovation management theory and provides practical recommendations for creative economy entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sugeng Riyadi, Cicih Ratnasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Optimizing The Recovery of State Loss Assets Through an AdministrativeCompensation Mechanism
The settlement of losses in criminal justice proceedings may, in theory, serve as an ultimum remedium capable of delivering a sense of justice, legal certainty, and benefits to society and the state. Nevertheless, the regulatory framework in the field of state finance also provides law-enforcement instruments within the domain of public financial law, particularly an administrative compensation mechanism that can optimize the recovery of state losses alongside criminal sanctions. Based on data from the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK) Semester II 2025 Summary of Audit Results, state losses were recorded at IDR 71.57 trillion, while the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) recovered only IDR 2.54 trillion over the 2020-2024 period, and the Attorney General's Office recovered IDR 24.72 billion in 2025, indicating a significant recovery gap. The research method employed was normative legal research, based on a literature review of theories and regulations in the fields of state financial law and administrative law. This study finds that the administrative compensation mechanism offers five advantages over criminal proceedings: final and binding decisions (reducing lengthy litigation), liability extended to heirs (maximizing recovery), no subsidiary custodial substitution (unlike criminal judgments), responsible parties remain productive (able to earn income for repayment), and criminal verdicts do not eliminate administrative claim authority. When properly implemented, this administrative compensation mechanism can enhance the recovery of state losses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Supriyonohadi Supriyonohadi, Lego Karjoko, Waluyo Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Politics of the Recognition of Indigenous Customary Land Rights in West Papua After the Constitutional Court Ruling on Customary Forests
The recognition of indigenous people’s customary land rights in Indonesia remains a persistent legal and political issue, particularly in regions where customary law continues to function as a living normative order, such as West Papua. A major constitutional development occurred through Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012, which affirmed that customary forests are no longer part of state forests, thereby strengthening the legal position of indigenous peoples over their traditional territories. However, this juridical progress has not automatically resulted in effective recognition and protection at the administrative level. This study examined the legal politics underlying the recognition of customary land rights in West Papua in the aftermath of the Constitutional Court’s decision. Using a socio-legal approach combined with doctrinal legal analysis, this paper explores the tension between normative recognition and empirical implementation in land administration practices. The study finds that the post-decision legal framework still reflects a state-centric orientation, in which recognition of indigenous rights remains dependent upon bureaucratic validation, fragmented regulation, and formal governmental determination of indigenous communities. In West Papua, these challenges are intensified by legal pluralism, overlapping regulatory regimes, and the absence of adaptive mechanisms for communal land registration. This paper argues that the existing legal politics has not yet fully moved from symbolic recognition toward substantive justice. Therefore, a reconstruction of legal policy is necessary, integrating legal pluralism, participatory mapping, and institutional recognition of customary authorities within the national land administration system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jandrie Sembiring, Rahayu Subekti, Rosita Candrakirana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Environmental Law Updates for Combating Urban Air Pollution fromTransportation Emissions Based on Green Constitution Principles
This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the law governing the control of urban air pollution from transportation emissions in Indonesia, based on Green Constitution principles. The main problem lies in the weakness of normative regulations and the low effectiveness of law enforcement, despite the constitutional guarantee of the right to a good and healthy environment in Article 28H paragraph (1) and the principle of sustainable development in Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach, analyzing Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and its amendments in Law Number 6 of 2023, as well as regulations related to motor vehicle emissions. The results of the study indicate a gap between legal norms and their implementation, characterized by regulatory fragmentation, weak sanctions, and low public compliance with emission tests. Therefore, integrative and transformational legal reform is needed by strengthening state and corporate responsibility, reforming the sanctions system, implementing environmental economic instruments, and utilizing technology for emissions monitoring. This reform is expected to achieve effective and ecologically just environmental protection in accordance with the principles of the Green Constitution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andhika Laksamana Putra, Hidayati Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Measuring Deliberation within Indonesia’s Representative Institutions: ARoadmap for Public Aspiration Management by the MPR RI
This article examines the compatibility of implementing deliberative democracy in Indonesia through a comparative constitutional analysis that draws on normative-juridical and empirical-comparative studies, positioning deliberative democracy as the main analytical framework while critically engaging with Mouffe's agonistic perspective and Dryzek's discursive perspective. This article analyzes the gap between the ideal of deliberation and the institutional reality of the MPR, DPR, and DPD as representative institutions in Indonesia. Comparative studies with models from Ireland, Germany, and Nordic countries are guided by the strict tertium comparation is criteria regarding the level of institutionalization of deliberation, the mechanism of coupling with legislative institutions, and the capacity to produce legitimate policy outputs. The findings indicate that Indonesia has significant deliberative cultural roots through deliberation and consensus, but these cultural values contain internal tensions that have the potential to hinder authentic deliberation if not carefully designed. Based on this analysis, this article proposes a roadmap for managing public aspirations by the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR RI), which includes regulatory reform, institutional repositioning, the development of ideal mechanisms, and the anticipation of potential challenges, while also accounting for the inherent risk of elite capture within deliberative institutional frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Reza, Indah Kusuma Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Court Decision on The Burden of Proof as A Legal Requirement for Divorce, based on The Civil Code and The Compilation of Islamic Law
Marital life between husband and wife does not always go smoothly; couples experience numerous obstacles that drive them to opt for divorce. This situation also affects Catholic couples, many of whom choose to file for divorce through state courts even though the Catholic Church forbids and does not recognize divorce. The normative juridical research method with a case study approach utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials is the research methodology employed. The application of the burden of proof in divorce proceedings, as well as the perspectives of positive law and the Catholic Church regarding the legitimate requirements for divorce, are the research issues investigated. The findings demonstrate that the judge's reasoning in the ruling — which states that the plaintiff must prove the grounds for divorce as outlined in Article 163 HIR — is satisfied by written evidence and two witnesses who attest that the Catholic couple seeking a divorce has, in fact, not lived together for an extended period. Positive law views divorce as a right of married couples, in contrast to Catholicism, which regards marriage as sacred and indissoluble and holds that a Catholic marriage can only be dissolved by death. In other words, if one of the Catholic parties remarries after the state court has dissolved the first marriage, the Catholic Church still considers the prior marriage to be valid and the new marriage to be invalid, classifying it as adultery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Dedi Wijaya, Indah Kusuma Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Legal Policy in Handling Ransomware Attacks on National Critical Infrastructure in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze and reconstruct legal policies in addressing ransomware attacks on national critical infrastructure in Indonesia using normative juridical methods through legislative and conceptual approaches. The results show that the legal provisions contained in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection do not specifically regulate ransomware as a separate crime and do not provide comprehensive protection for national critical infrastructure. Furthermore, there are weaknesses in both normative and implementation aspects, including the absence of a legal definition of ransomware, weak cybersecurity standards, institutional fragmentation, and obstacles in digital evidence management and cross-border law enforcement. Therefore, legal policy reconstruction is needed through the establishment of specific norms related to ransomware, the strengthening of regulations for critical infrastructure protection based on a risk approach, the implementation of mandatory cybersecurity standards, as well as institutional integration and the enhancement of law enforcement capacity. This study contributes to the development of a legal policy model that is preventive, repressive, and adaptive to technological developments to ensure national security and Indonesia's digital sovereignty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Nugroho, Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Updates on Handling Identity Theft Crimes in Cross-Border E-Commerce Transactions
This study aims to analyze and formulate legal reforms in handling identity theft crimes in cross-border e-commerce transactions using normative juridical methods through legislative and conceptual approaches. The results of the study indicate that the legal provisions contained in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, do not explicitly regulate identity theft as a separate crime and remain fragmentary, thus unable to encompass the complexity of crimes in cross-border digital transactions. Furthermore, normative and implementative weaknesses were found, including the absence of a legal definition of identity theft, weak victim protection, limited recovery mechanisms, and obstacles to cross-border law enforcement, such as jurisdictional conflicts and limited international cooperation. Therefore, legal reform is needed through the establishment of specific norms for identity theft, the strengthening of personal data protection, the regulation of digital platform responsibilities, and the enhancement of international cooperation and law enforcement capacity. This research produces a legal policy model that is preventive, repressive, and restorative in order to ensure the security of cross-border e-commerce transactions and protect Indonesia's data sovereignty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edy Krispono, Dwi Kusumo Wardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesia’s Gastrodiplomacy for Nation Branding, Diplomatic Relations, and Tourism Promotion: A Lived Experience Approach
Indonesia has a rich and diverse culinary heritage, but Indonesia's culinary presence globally is still limited and often less prominent than the cuisines of other countries that are promoted more systematically. This gap highlights the need to explore how gastronomy can be strategically leveraged for nation branding, diplomatic relations, and tourism promotion. This research aims to analyze Indonesia’s gastrodiplomacy as a strategic instrument for tourism promotion through a lived experience approach. This research employs a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Indonesian diaspora actors, including chefs and restaurant owners across Asia Pacific, the United States, and Western Europe. Thematic analysis was used to interpret lived experiences and identify key patterns in tourism promotion. The findings reveal that gastrodiplomacy promotes tourism through five key mechanisms: entry point awareness, cultural communication, sensory and emotional engagement, destination image formation, and visit intention. Diaspora actors play a central role as informal tourism ambassadors. Indonesian gastrodiplomacy operates as an experiential and relational process embedded in everyday practices. It significantly contributes to nation branding, diplomatic relation, and tourism promotion, although its effectiveness is constrained by limited policy integration. This research is limited to qualitative analysis and diaspora perspectives, which may not fully represent broader tourism stakeholders. Contributions: This study introduces the concept of lived gastrodiplomacy and contributes to tourism and public diplomacy literature by emphasizing experiential and bottom-up approaches to tourism promotion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Kusnedi, Willy Arafah, M. Husen Hutagalung, Saptarining Wulan, Rahmat Ingkadijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Green Innovation in Batik Production as a Sustainability Strategy for MSMEs: A Case Study of the Batik Seng Program
The conventional batik production process often causes environmental problems, particularly due to liquid waste and the use of synthetic chemicals, while support from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs can play an important role in encouraging sustainable business practices at the local level. This research aims to analyze green innovation in batik production as a sustainability strategy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Batik Seng Program of Sengguruh Village. The program is part of the CSR initiative implemented by PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Brantas, which focuses on community empowerment through the development of the batik creative industry. The innovations introduced include the use of recycled batik wax and natural dyes as part of a clean production approach. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that environmentally friendly innovation not only reduces environmental pollution but also increases product added value, expands market opportunities, and strengthens the group’s economic and social sustainability. These innovations have become an important strategy for maintaining the competitiveness of village-based MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sinki Anggriani, Dian Karisma Septiana Guteres, Edi Purnomo, Raden Sultani Indragunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sentencing Based on the Principle of Justice for Victims of Serious Crimes Committed By Minors
This study examines sentencing based on the principle of justice for victims of serious crimes committed by children in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. Through Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, Indonesia places child protection, rehabilitation, and restorative justice as the main orientation, with prison sentences for children being limited to at most half of the criminal threat for adults. However, in cases of serious crimes such as murder, rape, and other violent crimes, these arrangements often create gaps in realizing substantive justice for victims and their families. This study used normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches, especially by comparing the Indonesian and United States systems that recognize certain case transfer mechanisms so that child offenders can be tried as adults based on certain criteria. The results of the study show that the Indonesian legal system does not have legal flexibility in responding to serious crimes committed by children, thus causing public dissatisfaction and the perception of injustice. Therefore, this study offers a dual-track criminal model that balances child protection with victim rights through a case-by-case assessment. The proposed criteria include the severity of the crime, previous criminal history, mental maturity, and public safety considerations. Reformulation of penal policies against child perpetrators of serious crimes is needed to realize proportionate sanctions without ignoring the principles of child protection and rehabilitation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ngurah Suradatta Dharmaputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Business Development Strategy for the Management of Used Cooking Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel
This study examines the business development strategy of PT XYZ, a Used Cooking Oil (UCO) management company serving as biodiesel feedstock in Jakarta. The research background includes growing biodiesel demand driven by the B35 mandatory program and sustainability program. The significant potential of UCO as a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative feedstock, and the business challenges faced by PT XYZ following the 2022 UCO export restriction policy through the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) mechanism, which caused an average export volume decline of 84% and temporary closure of three branches outside Jakarta. The study employs a qualitative-quantitative approach using Business Model Canvas (BMC), VRIO, PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, IFE-EFE matrices, IE matrix, SWOT, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice 11 softwere for strategy prioritization. Results indicate that PT XYZ's main strengths are its QC capabilities and laboratory UCO, strong reputation, strategic location in the Jabodetabek area, UCO collection network and access to capital. Minewhile, weaknesses include the absence of ISCC certification and market share analysis, limited development and digital systems for financial. Based on the IE matrix, PT XYZ is positioned in cell II (grow and build). Four recommended strategic priorities are: (1) medium-term contracts with buyers, (2) UCO collection network development, (3) operational cost efficiency, and (4) market expansion. The proposed new BMC integrates business process digitalization, market segment diversification to increase revenue sources, and gradual development toward self-exporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trisa Oktavianti*, Zenal Asikin, Linda Karlina Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tactical Project-Based Learning (T-PJBL) Model: A Pedagogical Engineering To Enhance Cadet Leadership at The Military Academy
Contemporary military education positions high discipline as an operational foundation that not only ensures order but also serves as a crucial determinant of cadets' holistic academic achievement. This study aims to formulate an adaptive PjBL model, termed Tactical Project-Based Learning (T-PjBL), to enhance Cadet leadership competence. Employing an Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method, this study found that the low influence of standard PjBL on leadership (R Square 10.5%) was caused by external variables such as physiological fatigue and command culture rigidity. Through the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, the T-PjBL model was developed with five main phases: Mission Briefing, Tactical Planning, Command Timeline, Supervised Maneuver, and After-Action Review (AAR). The results indicate that pedagogical engineering through the T-PjBL model can synchronize academic activities with regimented service rhythms and mitigate Cadets' cognitive barriers. The study concludes that learning innovation in military environments requires contextual adaptation that respects doctrine and the learners' physical conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Harijanto*, Lukito Edi Nugroho, Subando Agus Margono, Ambar Teguh Sulistyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Juridical Reconstruction and Integration of Restorative Justice Mechanisms: Transformation of Police Peace Agreements into Legally Binding Court Decisions
The evolution of the contemporary criminal justice system in Indonesia is marked by a fundamental shift from a retributive paradigm centered on retaliation and physical punishment toward a restorative justice paradigm that prioritizes victim recovery and social reintegration. This shift has been operationalized through internal legal instruments such as Police Regulation (Perpol) Number 8 of 2021. However, a critical juridical void exists: peace agreements reached at the police investigation stage currently have only the status of private agreements (onderhands), which are administrative in nature and thus lack inherent executorial power. This research report presents an in-depth analysis of the urgency and mechanism of transforming such peace agreements into an Acte van Dading (Deed of Settlement) recognized by the District Court. By integrating police discretionary authority with the court’s civil adjudicatory authority through the “Lawsuit for Confirmation of Peace Agreement” mechanism based on Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2016, the legal system can guarantee legal certainty (rechtszekerheid), close the loophole for re-prosecution through the ne bis in idem principle, and ensure civil execution without new litigation. Through a comparative law approach examining Civil Law and Common Law jurisdictions, as well as the theoretical framework of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, this article argues that this integration is not merely an administrative procedure but constitutes the foundation for sustainable substantive justice
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahori Ahoen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Leading Hybrid Public Organizations: Institutional Pathways and IndirectLeadership Effects in State University Teaching Hospitals (RSPTN)
This study aims to analyze the role of leadership in influencing organizational performance in State University Teaching Hospitals (RSPTN) as hybrid public organizations facing institutional complexity. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative analysis using PLS-SEM and qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that leadership does not have a direct effect on organizational performance but rather operates through indirect pathways mediated by learning organizations and institutional characteristics. These results indicate that in hybrid organizations, leadership effectiveness is highly dependent on institutional context and the organization’s capacity for learning and adaptation. Qualitative findings further demonstrate that leadership plays a crucial role in navigating institutional complexity, strengthening organizational learning, and distributing authority in a collective manner. This study contributes to the leadership literature by highlighting that the relationship between leadership and performance is indirect and context-dependent. Practically, the findings suggest that strengthening leadership in RSPTN should be accompanied by the development of learning organizations and the alignment of institutional governance to enhance sustainable organizational performance.
Copyright (c) 2022 Katarina Sri Nenggih Wahyuni, Agus Heruanto Hadna, Muhadjir Darwin, Yodi Mahendradhata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovation in Digital Public Services Through the Sipanduk Application in the Luragung District of Kuningan Regency
SIPANDUK (Population Administration Service Information System) is a public service innovation in the form of an application that is expected to assist the community in Luragung District, Kuningan Regency, in managing population administration online. However, in its implementation, the use of the SIPANDUK application is still not optimal, as indicated by low public interest. This study aims to analyze digital-based public service innovations, the factors causing low public interest in using the SIPANDUK application, and recommendations to increase public participation in using the SIPANDUK application. The analysis of public service innovation is based on the Diffusion of Inno-vation theory by Everett M. Rogers (1962). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, semi-structured interviews, literature study, and doc-umentation. The results of the study show that digital-based service innovations have not been run-ning optimally. The low level of public interest in Luragung Subdistrict in using the SIPANDUK ap-plication is due to the perception of the complexity of the application, low user needs, preference for face-to-face services, and a lack of digital literacy and socialization. As a result, the SIPANDUK ap-plication has not been fully accepted by the community in Luragung Subdistrict. Therefore, direct socialization, technical assistance, simplification of the application, and optimization of the role of village officials are needed to encourage sustainable use of the application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Indriyani, Nursahidin Nursahidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of the Village Government in Women's Empowerment Through Women Farmers' Groups (KWT)
Women Farmers' Groups (KWT) is an effort to encourage sustainable and equitable village development. This research examines the role of the Village Government in empowering women through KWT in Pajambon Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency, West Java. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the Village Government in supporting the implementation of women’s empowerment activities through KWT. A qualitative descriptive research method was used, with data collected through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The validity of the data was ensured through triangulation of sources and methods by comparing information obtained from interviews and field observations and by combining the results obtained. The aim was to obtain a more accurate picture and strengthen the data collected in the study. The results of this study indicate that the Village Government has successfully played a role as a facilitator and companion in empowering women through KWT. This study also recommends the need for training in marketing so that the products produced by KWT can become better known to the wider community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Khumayah, Yulia Puji Lestarii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Personal Selling by Perisai Agents on Contribution Payment Behavior of Informal Workers: The Mediating Roles of Product Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Trust
Extending social security coverage to informal workers remains a significant challenge. This study examines the impact of personal selling by social security agents (Agen Perisai) on the contribution payment behavior of informal workers in Indonesia. It further investigates the mediating roles of perceived risk, product knowledge, and trust within the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework. A quantitative explanatory design was employed. Data were collected from 150 informal workers registered at the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Ceger Branch in Jakarta. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The results indicate that personal selling significantly enhances perceived risk, product knowledge, and trust. However, it does not directly influence contribution payment behavior. Product knowledge fully mediates this relationship, while perceived risk and trust do not exhibit significant mediating effects. Social security agencies should shift their communication strategies from participant acquisition toward strengthening product literacy. Agents should emphasize clear and practical explanations of benefits to improve sustained compliance. This study extends the S-O-R framework in the context of public social insurance by demonstrating that cognitive factors, particularly product knowledge, play a more decisive role than affective factors in driving financial compliance among low-income informal workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Shoheh, Ujang Sumarwan, Megawati Simanjutak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Understanding the Characteristics of Two Different Types of Cement inRelation to the Comparison of Concrete Compressive Strength
Cement is one of the main materials in construction that significantly affects the quality and compressive strength of mortar and concrete. Differences in cement characteristics, such as fineness, density, and bonding ability, may produce different compressive strength values even under the same mixture conditions. However, in practical construction work, cement selection is often based only on price and market availability without considering its technical performance. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the characteristics and compressive strength of mortar produced using Puger cement and Gresik cement under identical mixture proportions and curing conditions. This research employed an experimental quantitative method conducted in the Civil Engineering Laboratory. Mortar specimens were prepared using mixture proportions of 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6 with Lumajang sand as fine aggregate. Compressive strength testing was performed at curing ages of 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that mortar compressive strength increased with curing age, while higher sand composition reduced strength performance. Gresik cement consistently produced higher compressive strength than Puger cement in all mixture variations. The highest compressive strength at 28 days was achieved by Gresik cement with a 1:3 mixture proportion at 197.13 Kg/cm². In conclusion, cement type significantly influences mortar compressive strength and should be carefully considered in construction material selection to achieve optimal structural quality and cost efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heri Sujatmiko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accelerating The Readiness of The H2 Plant Unit and Maintaining the Quantity of HCU Valuable Product During Repairs to The Radiant Tube Reformer Leak Using a New Radiant Tube Reformer Plugging Method at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Refinery Unit II Dumai
This paper presents an operational reliability case study from the hydrogen plant that supports the hydrocracking complex at PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Unit II Dumai. A crack was identified in radiant tube Row A No. 10 in reformer 702-H-1, creating an urgent risk of hydrogen release, tube rupture, fire escalation, and prolonged production loss. The conventional corrective action, namely full retubing with a new tube and ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) restoration, required approximately 138 hours and depended on spare tube availability. To reduce downtime and avoid a multiplier effect on the hydrocracker value chain, the team developed a new plugging method that isolated the failed radiant tube by installing welded plugs at both the outlet and inlet sides instead of replacing the entire tube. An engineering design package was prepared using 3D modeling, stress analysis, material selection for SS 310 and HK40 components, and load verification at the design pressure of 20.5 kg/cm². The implemented method restored operation faster than the historical retubing route, achieving a repair duration of approximately 40 hours versus 138 hours for the previous method. Operational impacts reported by the plant included normal H? plant operation above 30k Nm³/h, preserved jet fuel quality, medium-risk work exposure instead of high-risk exposure, avoided costs of approximately IDR 244.8 million, and protection of HCU profit equivalent to around IDR 10 billion. The case demonstrates that a fit-for-purpose plugging strategy can be an effective emergency repair option for radiant tube failures when supported by engineering verification, fabrication control, and formal standardization
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Harapan Situmorang, Akbar Putra Jhonem, Rudi Hermawan, Edward Cantona Taufan, Zulfajri Zulfajri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Participation on Corporate Risk Profile Changes: A Comparative Analysis Based on ISO 31000
The BPJS Employment Program is a labor social security system in Indonesia that is mandatory for companies and aims to provide protection against various employment risks. In addition to protecting workers, participation in this program also has the potential to affect a company’s risk profile. However, empirical studies that systematically analyze changes in corporate risk profiles before and after BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership remain limited. Therefore, this study analyzes changes in corporate risk levels and examines their implications for risk management based on the ISO 31000:2018 framework. This study employs a descriptive-comparative quantitative approach using a before-and-after method. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 39 companies participating in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Risk assessments cover four categories: legal, financial, operational, and reputational risks. Each is evaluated using likelihood and impact on a Likert scale of 1–5. Data analysis uses the geometric mean to derive representative values, followed by risk scoring and mapping onto a 5 × 5 risk matrix. The results indicate that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership alters corporate risk profiles. Legal and operational risks tend to decrease due to improved regulatory compliance and worker protection. Conversely, some financial and reputational risks increase, driven by contribution obligations and heightened stakeholder expectations. These findings suggest that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan acts as a risk transfer mechanism without fully eliminating risks, leaving residual risks that require ongoing control and monitoring. The study highlights that labor social security programs influence not only worker protection but also corporate risk dynamics from an organizational risk management perspective.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Rizki, Tanti Novianti, Linda Karlina Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reformulation of the Prosecutor’s Office’s Regulatory Role in the Legislative Process for Sustainable Economic Development
The phenomenon of sustainable economic development in Indonesia reveals the increasing complexity of national strategic policies and projects, which necessitate preventive and sustainable legal safeguarding. Normatively, the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office is positioned not only as a repressive law enforcement body but also as an institution with preventive and protective functions through its law enforcement intelligence authority, as stipulated in Article 30B of Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia (the Amendment to the Prosecutor's Law). However, its implementation reveals that the Prosecutor's Office's role in the legislative process and development policy planning has not been optimally actualized. Juridically, this is due to the ambiguous norm (vague norm) in Article 34 of the Amended Prosecutor's Law, which uses the permissive phrase "may" in providing legal considerations to the President and other government agencies. This phrasing fails to establish a legal obligation for the Prosecutor's Office's involvement in the development legislation process. Sociologically, the absence of a clear regulatory model and mechanism regarding the Prosecutor's Office's security function during the early stages of policy formulation leads to weak preventive legal supervision. Consequently, this creates fertile ground for conflicts of interest, legal uncertainty, and potential abuse of authority in sustainable economic development. This research employs a normative legal research method, focusing on the ambiguity of norms, particularly the phrase "may" in Article 34 of the Amended Prosecutor's Law. This ambiguity underscores the urgent need for a regulatory framework that explicitly mandates the active role of the Prosecutor's Office in the legislative process at every level, given its unique authority in law enforcement intelligence and its mandate to provide legal considerations to the President and other government agencies.
Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Willy Pramana, Gde Made Swardhana, Desak Putu Dewi Kasih, Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integration of the Information Adoption Model and Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting the Intention to Register for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Non-Wage Earner Segment (BPU)
This study integrates the Information Adoption Model (IAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict the intention to register for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Non-Wage Earner (BPU) segment. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 250 respondents working in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors who were not yet registered with BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sampit Branch but followed BPJS Ketenagakerjaan social media. Data analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3 software. The analysis results indicate that information quantity and information credibility significantly influence information usefulness, while information quality does not have a significant effect. Information usefulness significantly influences information adoption, which in turn affects purchase intention. The TPB variables—attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—all significantly influence purchase intention. Furthermore, information adoption mediates the relationship between information usefulness and purchase intention. These findings suggest that improving the quantity and credibility of information, along with strengthening positive attitudes, social support, and perceived ease of registration, can enhance information adoption and registration intention for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan among the BPU segment. The study contributes to the theoretical integration of IAM and TPB in the context of social security services for informal workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Maharani, Ujang Sumarwan, Sufrin Sufrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Aqua's Crisis Communication in the “Drilled Wells” Issue: Framing, Expectation Gap, and Reputation Recovery Strategy from an Scct Perspective
PT Tirta Investama’s (AQUA) response when receiving a visit from West Java Governor Dedi Mulyadi became a public conversation after the agenda was recorded and uploaded on social media. The company’s answer when asked about the water source that had been used triggered a communication crisis, especially after the mention of “drilled wells.” This issue triggered a perception-based reputation crisis due to the expectation gap between the image of the AQUA brand as an AMDK sourced from “natural mountain water” and the public’s understanding of the technical terms of water resource management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, utilizing secondary data in the form of online media reports, official company statements, and social media content. The analysis was carried out within the framework of Navigating the Case Analysis Process and supported by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). The results of the analysis show that the crisis experienced by AQUA falls into the category of accidental cluster, with a moderate level of attribution of responsibility. Although AQUA responded to the crisis relatively quickly and transparently, technical and defensive communication strategies have not been fully effective in closing the gap in public perception. This research emphasizes the importance of empathetic, educational, and dialogical crisis communication in the digital age, as well as the consistency of cross-channel framing to restore trust and organizational reputation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Retno Wulandari, Ana Noviani, Anggie Nur Fitrianti, Christania Pingkan Putrinita, Meyta Roida Rebecka Hutapea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Service Recovery Performance on Word of Mouth with the Mediation of Perceived Justice and Complaint Handling Satisfaction among Bpjs Ketenagakerjaan Participants
This study aims to analyze the effect of service recovery performance (SRP) on word of mouth (WOM) with perceived justice (PJ) and complaint handling satisfaction (CHS) as mediating variables. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach, involving participants who had previously submitted complaints through the comment section of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan’s official Instagram account. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The results show that SRP has a significant effect on PJ, CHS, and WOM. The strongest effect occurs in the relationship between SRP and PJ, indicating that fast responses, clear explanations, and empathetic interactions enhance participants’ perceived justice. SRP also increases CHS. CHS shows a direct but weak effect on WOM, indicating that cognitive satisfaction alone may not be sufficient to encourage participants to recommend the service. The mediation analysis reveals that PJ significantly mediates the relationship between SRP and WOM, while CHS does not serve as a direct mediator. These findings emphasize that emotional and procedural fairness plays a more decisive role in generating positive WOM than satisfaction with the complaint-handling process itself. Thus, perceived justice emerges as a key psychological factor influencing participants’ communication behavior. This study provides important implications for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, highlighting the need to strengthen digital complaint-handling performance by improving response speed, clarity of information, empathetic communication, and procedural consistency. These efforts are essential to building perceived justice, enhancing participant trust, and fostering positive WOM in digital environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Doni Fahrizal, Ujang Sumarwan, Lilik Noor Yuliati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Coal Downstream Potential in Central Kalimantan
The management and utilization of coal raise new environmental challenges, such as deforestation and land degradation. The issue of global decarbonization requires that coal utilization operate within permitted capacity limits. Based on its diverse characteristics, coal can be utilized as a processed product. Downstream development through advanced coal processing can increase economic value and optimize land use more efficiently. Data were collected from various references, including scientific journals, research reports, government regulations, and related agency documents. The results provide recommendations for coal downstream development, such as optimizing the use of coal as a processed product for the production of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), which function as alternative fuels and industrial raw materials, as well as synthetic natural gas (SNG) as a substitute for natural gas in various sectors. Coal liquefaction can convert coal into liquid hydrocarbons or fuel oil, thereby increasing its added value. Coal–biomass briquettes can produce smokeless fuel and be used for co-firing in steam power plants (PLTU). Extraction of rare earth elements (LTJ) from coal combustion residues also presents potential, as LTJ have high economic value and are fundamental to modern industries. The application of clean coal technologies, including Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), can reduce carbon emissions from coal utilization. Based on these results, diversification of coal utilization through downstream development and clean technologies represents a strategic effort to address environmental challenges and respond to global decarbonization issues in Central Kalimantan Province.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deddy Tanggara, Dody A.K. Wijaya, Wita Kristiana, Nuansa Mare Apui Ganang, I Dewa Made Prawindya Kumara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Representation of Conflict in the Soap Opera “Asmara Gen Z” on SCTV
Generation Z is the first generation to use digital technology and exhibits distinct media consumption characteristics, yet television remains relevant when it presents content, such as soap operas, that resonates with their experiences. This study aims to analyze the representation of conflict in the soap opera “Asmara Gen Z” episode 322 through Robert Entman’s four dimensions of framing to uncover the ideological values and social responsibilities conveyed to Gen Z audiences. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing Entman’s framing model analysis and in-depth interviews with six Gen Z informants. The results indicate that the conflict is framed as a personal character conflict reinforced by an inconsistent school policy system. The “9 Ilmu” group is represented as a highly solidary group expected to yield, whereas “Tirta Persada” is depicted as a privileged group making excessive demands. This study concludes that soap operas transmit four paradoxical values: passive adaptive solidarity, empathy, ambiguous distributive justice, and maturity as passivity, collectively reinforcing the ideology of “Privileged Compassion.” Recommendations are directed at soap opera creators to develop narratives that are more attuned to issues of distributive justice, emphasizing solutions centered on personal attitude change rather than systemic reform.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Vidya Nur Azizah, Farida Nurfalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) Policy on the Welfare of the Community in Cangkoak Village
The government launched the Family Hope Program as an effort to alleviate poverty among the poor. However, there are still several problems in its implementation, such as inaccurate and untargeted recipient data, as well as the large number of PKH recipients who are dependent on assistance. This study was conducted to examine the impact of the PKH policy implementation on the welfare of the Cangkoak Village community. The method used was a quantitative method through a causal association design. By distributing questionnaires to gather data, the study found a clear link between the PKH policy and increased community welfare. The statistical significance of this relationship is backed by a partial T-test; the calculated t-value (5.779) proved to be higher than the t-table value (1.99394) at the 5% alpha level. The conclusion of this study proves that PKH has an impact on community welfare in alleviating poverty by 32%. Therefore, this program must be improved by refining the data collection system for recipients to ensure it is on target, as well as the role of PKH assistants in encouraging the community not to become dependent on assistance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursahidin Nursahidin, Aurelia Febriyanti Rahmat, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Kuningan Samsat Service: Responding to the Challenges of Productivity and Public Satisfaction
The One-Stop Administration System (SAMSAT) is a public service institution that plays an important and strategic role in managing motor vehicle administration and interacts directly with the community. In carrying out its duties, this institution faces various operational challenges, including queue congestion at certain hours, disruptions in the application system, and a lack of behavioral consistency among officers. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of SAMSAT Kuningan services based on the three dimensions of Richard M. Steers’ theory, namely productivity, community satisfaction, and adaptability, as well as to identify inhibiting factors and efforts to improve them. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results show that service productivity is relatively high because revenue realization almost entirely meets the target, with a large volume of vehicles served every day. Most people expressed satisfaction with the services received, which were generally categorized as good, although variations in user experience were still found. The adaptability aspect shows the progressive implementation of digital innovation; however, its utilization is not evenly distributed among the community. This study concludes that SAMSAT Kuningan services are generally effective but still require improvements in service consistency, the reliability of technological systems, and strengthened adaptation efforts to achieve full optimization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Salwa Salsabilla, Siti Khumayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APPIRO: IoT and GPS-Based Brake Failure Detection and Early Warning Device for Freight Vehicles
Traffic accidents due to brake failures in freight vehicles in Indonesia account for around 90 percent of the total traffic accidents. This condition prompted researchers to create APPIRO (Brake Blong Detection and Early Warning Tool) based on IoT and GPS, which functions to provide early warning of potential braking system failures in real-time to reduce the number of accidents caused by freight transportation that experiences brake failure. This study aims to design, calibrate, and evaluate APPIRO tools in detecting over-temperature in brake systems and loads in freight transport vehicles. R&D (Research and Development) research methods include hardware design, application manufacturing, calibration of Thermocouple Type K, Loadcell Type S sensors, and limited scale trials. APPIRO's main components consist of thermocouple type K temperature sensor, S type loadcell, ESP32 microcontroller, GPS Tracker NEO6MV2 module, HX711 module, MAX6675 module, dual channel relay, 16x2 LCD, IoT-based Kodular application that displays real-time temperature, load, vehicle location data and early warning notifications. The calibration results at the Center for Standardization and Industrial Services showed a relative error of the thermocouple sensor of –1.11% and the loadcell of 1.48%, which is still within acceptable accuracy limits. Limited trials showed that in pick-up vehicles with a load of 2476.9 kgf, the brake oil temperature increased to 212.4°C so that the system gave a "Danger" warning, while in engkel trucks the maximum temperature was only 95.7°C with the status of "Safe".
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadhli Yusuf As Shiddiq, Sutan Muhammad Fachri , Bagus Andrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0