Innovative Assessment Based on Augmented Reality (AR) in Early Childhood Education: Development of A Holistic Assessment Model for Young Children
DOI:
10.59888/ajosh.v4i9.743Published:
2026-06-17Downloads
Abstract
Digital transformation in early childhood education requires innovative assessment practices that emphasize not only learning outcomes but also learning processes and holistic child development. This research aims to develop and analyze an innovative assessment model based on Augmented Reality (AR) and digital interaction in Islamic kindergarten (Raudhatul Athfal). The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. The participants included 20 children aged 5–6 years and two Raudhatul Athfal teachers at Al-Mansyuriah Bekasi. Data were collected through interactive observation, digital portfolios, and teacher questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that AR-based assessment enhances children's learning engagement, improves teachers' assessment efficiency, and produces more objective and well-documented assessment data. This model is relevant for supporting authentic assessment and strengthening Islamic values in early childhood education. In conclusion, the AR-based holistic assessment model is effective in capturing children's cognitive, social-emotional, linguistic, and moral development comprehensively, while also addressing the limitations of conventional manual assessments by providing a more interactive, systematic, and documentation-friendly approach that aligns with both digital era needs and Islamic educational values.
Keywords:
innovative assessment augmented reality early childhood education digital assessmentReferences
Ajuwon, A., Onifade, O., Oladuji, T. J., & Akintobi, A. O. (2020). Blockchain-based models for credit and loan system automation in financial institutions. IRE Journals, 3(10), 364–381.
Alberti, R., & Emmons, M. (2017). Your perfect right: Assertiveness and equality in your life and relationships. New Harbinger Publications.
Becker, I., Rigaud, V. M., & Epstein, A. (2023). Getting to know young children: Alternative assessments in early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(5), 911–923.
Bonapersona, V., Kentrop, J., Van Lissa, C. J., Van der Veen, R., Joëls, M., & Sarabdjitsingh, R. A. (2019). The behavioral phenotype of early life adversity: A 3-level meta-analysis of rodent studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 102, 299–307.
Dargan, S., Bansal, S., Kumar, M., Mittal, A., & Kumar, K. (2023). Augmented reality: A comprehensive review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30(2), 1057–1080.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2015). Getting teacher evaluation right: What really matters for effectiveness and improvement. Teachers College Press.
De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A. G., Burgers, D. E., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 858.
Evagorou, M., Erduran, S., & Mäntylä, T. (2015). The role of visual representations in scientific practices: From conceptual understanding and knowledge generation to “seeing” how science works. International Journal of STEM Education, 2(1), 11.
Goldstein, J., & Flake, J. K. (2016). Towards a framework for the validation of early childhood assessment systems. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 28(3), 273–293.
Hulliyah, K., & Anggraeni, N. (n.d.). Ability assessment competency standards on early childhood with fuzzy logic approach (Case study on Raudlatul Athfal (RA) Bunga Bangsa Parung).
Jo, D., & Kim, G. J. (2019). AR enabled IoT for a smart and interactive environment: A survey and future directions. Sensors, 19(19), 4330.
Lenihan, D., McCobb, E., Diurba, A., Linder, D., & Freeman, L. (2016). Measuring the effects of reading assistance dogs on reading ability and attitudes in elementary schoolchildren. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 30(2), 252–259.
Marschall, A. (2023). Clinical documentation with children and adolescents: Treatment, risks, and ethics. Routledge.
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2022). Guidelines for authentic assessment of early childhood education. Directorate of Early Childhood Education.
Mihai, M., Albert, C. N., Mihai, V. C., & Dumitras, D. E. (2022). Emotional and social engagement in the English language classroom for higher education students in the COVID-19 online context. Sustainability, 14(8), 4527.
Pillai, A. G., Arp, M., Velzing, E., Lesuis, S. L., Schmidt, M. V., Holsboer, F., Joëls, M., & Krugers, H. J. (2018). Early life stress determines the effects of glucocorticoids and stress on hippocampal function: Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence respectively. Neuropharmacology, 133, 307–318.
Rahman Jabin, M. S., & Hammar, T. (2022). Issues with the Swedish e-prescribing system: An analysis of health information technology-related incident reports using an existing classification system. Digital Health, 8, 20552076221131140.
Rozata, U., & Theoneste, H. (2024). Concrete pictorial abstract approach use in teaching mathematics on secondary students’ participation in six selected schools in Kicukiro District, Rwanda. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(4), 1243–1251.
Syed, T. A., Siddiqui, M. S., Abdullah, H. B., Jan, S., Namoun, A., Alzahrani, A., Nadeem, A., & Alkhodre, A. B. (2022). In-depth review of augmented reality: Tracking technologies, development tools, AR displays, collaborative AR, and security concerns. Sensors, 23(1), 146.
Walker, C.-D., Bath, K. G., Joëls, M., Korosi, A., Larauche, M., Lucassen, P. J., Morris, M. J., Raineki, C., Roth, T. L., & Sullivan, R. M. (2017). Chronic early life stress induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) material in rodents: Critical considerations of methodology, outcomes, and translational potential. Stress, 20(5), 421–448.
Y?ld?r?m, G., & Akamca, G. Ö. (2017). The effect of outdoor learning activities on the development of preschool children. South African Journal of Education, 37(2), 1–10.
Yugo, T. (n.d.). Assessing the quality of Islamic early childhood education: Evidence from Raudhatul Athfal’s compliance with national standards in Bandung. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 10(3), 563–581.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aminulloh Aminulloh, Marwah Marwah, Mimi Hilmiah, Rahmat Rahmat, Zuhriyah Zuhriyah, Abdul Hamid

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.



