Harmonization of Mining Laws Post-Centralization in the Implementation of the Regional Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination (RAD-PPM) in West Kalimantan Province
DOI:
10.59888/ajosh.v4i11.771Published:
2026-08-12Downloads
Abstract
This research is motivated by the centralization of mining affairs from regional to central government under Law No. 3 of 2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining, creating a legal gap in West Kalimantan Province. The region remains burdened with obligations to implement the RAD-PPM under the Minamata Convention Ratification (Law No. 11 of 2017) to mitigate impacts of Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (PESK/PETI), while licensing control and operational supervision have been entirely withdrawn to the Central Government. This study analyzes the juridical harmonization of this gap and formulates strengthened Forkopimda governance to address obstacles in ecological supervision of community mining. The method used is normative-empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, employing Statutory Approach, Content Analysis, and Sociological Jurisprudence through interviews with the West Kalimantan DLHK, Mining Inspectors, and civil society organizations, analyzed using the Theory of Authority and Soerjono Soekanto's Theory of Legal Effectiveness. Results show that centralization triggers a norm antinomy and regulatory vacuum in operationalizing RAD-PPM, necessitating vertical delegation of remaining authorities. Overcoming multidimensional barriers limited infrastructure, budgets, and miners' dependence on mercury requires strengthening Forkopimda as an integrative harmonizer, ensuring law enforcement is not merely repressive but also accommodative toward legalizing People's Mining Areas (WPR) and non-mercury technology substitution for sustainable ecological justice.
Keywords:
legal harmonization mining centralization rad-ppm mercury west kalimantan forkopimdaReferences
Aji, T. B. (2023). Distribusi spasial pencemaran merkuri di DAS Sungai Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat [Master's thesis, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116728
Al-Farisi, M. S. (2021). Desentralisasi kewenangan pada urusan pertambangan mineral dan batubara dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020. Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem, 21(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.35965/eco.v21i1.699
Azikin, A. (2019). Peran forum koordinasi pimpinan daerah dalam penyelenggaraan otonomi khusus di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Widya Praja, 44(2), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v44i2.254
Basri, Sakakibara, M., & Sera, K. (2020). Mercury in soil and forage plants from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Bombana area, Indonesia. Toxics, 8(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8010015
Fitryantica, A. (2019). Harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia melalui konsep omnibus law. Gema Keadilan, 6(3), 300–316. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.2019.6751
Harianja, A. H., Saragih, G. S., Fauzi, R., Hidayat, M. Y., Syofyan, Y., & Tapriziah, E. R. (2020). Mercury exposure in artisanal and small-scale gold mining communities in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Journal of Health & Pollution, 10(28), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201209
Hidayat, R., Yahya, A., Ernis, Y., & Adli, M. (2020). Analisis yuridis tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 531–544. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.v20.531-544
Junaidi, J. (2022). Pertambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI) dan kesejahteraan keluarga di sekitar wilayah pertambangan. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, 11(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.22437/jels.v11i1.18988
Kurniawan, I. A., Abdurrachman, M., Basuki, N. I., Sucipta, I. G. B. E., & Arifa, A. N. (2023). Mercury exposure from artisanal small-scale gold mining in Bunikasih, West Java, Indonesia. In A. Kallel et al. (Eds.), Selected studies in environmental geosciences and hydrogeosciences (CAJG 2020, Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43803-5_21
Meutia, A., Lumowa, R., & Sakakibara, M. (2022). Indonesian artisanal and small-scale gold mining—A narrative literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), Article 3955. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073955
Meutia, A. A., Bachriadi, D., & Gafur, N. A. (2023). Environment degradation, health threats, and legality at the artisanal small-scale gold mining sites in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(18), Article 6774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186774
Nuryanty, C. D., Riani, E., Abidin, Z., Sutjahjo, S. H., & Riyadi, A. (2024). Mercury contamination from artisanal small-scale gold mining activities in Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 21(4), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.3233/AJW240049
Rahayu, D. P., & Faisal. (2021). Politik hukum kewenangan perizinan pertambangan pasca perubahan Undang-Undang Minerba. Jurnal Pandecta, 16(1), 170–182.
Rahayu, S., & Yetniwati, Y. (2021). Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan pertambangan batubara melalui program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law, 2(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.22437/zaaken.v2i2.12274
Rayhan. (2023). Implementasi terhadap Minamata Convention on Mercury di Indonesia (studi kasus mengenai pencemaran merkuri dan arsen di Teluk Buyat). Tirtayasa Journal of International Law, 2(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.51825/tjil.v2i1.19111
Sari, W. P., & Mubarak, A. (2020). Efektivitas penertiban penambangan emas ilegal di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 2(2), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v2i2.129
Suryanto, M. H., Arresti, F. T., & Makky, A. (2024). No viral no justice: Perspektif teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto. Widya Yuridika: Jurnal Hukum, 7(3), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.31328/wy.v7i3.5076
Tomiyasu, T., Hamada, Y. K., Kodamatani, H., Hidayati, N., & Rahajoe, J. S. (2019). Transport of mercury species by river from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in West Java, Indonesia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 25262–25274.
Tomiyasu, T., Hamada, Y. K., Bransono, C., Kodamatani, H., Matsuyama, A., Imura, R., Hidayati, N., & Rahajoe, J. S. (2020). Mercury concentrations in paddy field soil and freshwater snails around a small-scale gold mining area, West Java, Indonesia. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 12, 23–29.
Utami, N. E. (2023). Sentralisasi terhadap kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam perizinan tambang pasca pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Mineral dan Batubara. Lex Renaissance, 8(2), 360–378.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Herbin Mardongan Sihombing, Laksanto Utomo, Amalia Syauket
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
